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In beta- decay, a neutron is converted into a proton, and an electron and an electron antineutrino is emitted. More fundamentally, a down quark is converted into an up quark by the emission of a W- boson. The quark conversion is part of the neutron becoming a proton, and the W- boson subsequently decays into the electron and electron antineutrino.

In beta+ decay, a proton is converted into a neutron with the addition of energy, and a positron and an electron neutrino is emitted. More fundamentally, an up quark is converted into a down quark, causing the emission of the electron and electron antineutrino. If the beta+ decay also involves K capture, which is the capture of a K shell electron into the nucleus, then there will be subsequent realignment of the electron shells and emission of photons of various energies (x-ray) as the electrons come back to ground state.

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