What are the stages of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Answer 1

• From birth to 18 months: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Here the infant must develop a trusting relationship with their caregiver or it results in mistrust. Trust is developed through feeding.
• From 18 months-3 years: Autonomy vs. Shame
  • . This involve the development motor skills such as walking, grasping, and efficiency in toilet training. If not accomplished, the child could feel ashamed or doubt in their actions.
• From 3 to 6 yrs old: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • At this stage the child may copy adult's behaviors and take part in imaginary play. They essentially take the initiative to establish their social identity. If they are not able to do this, they may feel guilty for their failure to adjust to social roles.
• From 6 to 12 yrs old: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • At this age children are learning all sorts of skills and logic that help develop a sense of industry. This is also the stage where social relations among peers is important. Negative feed back or being bullied or ignored could lead to feelings of inferiority.
• From 12 to 18 yrs old: Identity vs. Role Confusion
  • Here the adolescent develops their own moral code, deciding for themselves what is right or wrong. Based on their actions, they develop their own identity separate from that of their parents. If responsibilities are withdrawn or overloaded, the child may feel a sense of role confusion.
• From 18 to 35yrs old: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Here a young adult may begin to seek a partner, marry and settle down. Today this stage may occur when older so strong connections with friends are also seen. Failure at this stage may result in feelings of isolation.
• From 35 to 65 yrs old: Generativity vs. Self Absorption
  • Generativity means the creation of something to pass on to future generations. The adult may do this through their careers or families. At this stage, being inactive or useless is a common fear.
• From 65 yrs old til death: Integrity vs. Despair
  • At this age reflection is key. Many seniors will look back on their lives and those who feel a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment will feel a sense of integrity. However, if they feel like they failed, or didn't do enough, this could lead to feelings of despair.

Answer 2

Erik Erikson's Stages of Development are as listed below:

- Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, Birth to 1 year)

- Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 4 years)

- Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 4 to 6 years)

- Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood, 7 to 13 years)

- Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescents, 14 to 24 years)

- Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adults, 25 to 40 years)

- Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 45 to 65 years)

Answer 3

• The first stage, the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, is from birth to age 2. The main conflict in this stage is trusting others.
• The second stage, the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, is from ages 2-4. The main conflict in this stage is learning to let go of the first stage, in which everything is done for the child, and becoming autonomous.
• The third stage, the Initiative vs. Guilt stage, is from ages 4-5. The main conflict is an extension of that of the second stage: learning to act for oneself and in one's own best interests.
• The fourth stage, from ages 5-12, is Industry vs. Inferiority. This stage is generally the first time when children will begin to interact with children outside their own age group. The main conflict is learning to interact successfully with others.
• The fifth stage, from ages 13-19, is Identity vs. Role Confusion. This is the age when people begin to create their own identities as teenagers. The main conflict in this stage is trying to be oneself.
• The sixth stage, from 20-24 years, is Intimacy vs. Isolation. The conflict in this stage is finding a permanent mate for the rest of one's adult life.
• The seventh stage, from age 25-64, is Generativity vs. Stagnation. The main conflict in this stage is making one's life count (i.e. having children; changing the world for the better).
• The eighth and final stage, from age 65-death, is Ego Integrity vs. Despair. The conflict in this stage is finding out whether one's life was fulfilling from reflection on life.

All of the ages given are approximate. Someone may enter the fifth stage, for example, at the ages of 8 to 14. However, most people enter the stage around the given age.

It is rare to skip a stage, as each stage builds directly on the last.

Answer 4

In his theory of psychosocial development, Erik Erikson identified eight distinct periods of personality development. In each stage, according to his theory, the individual undergoes a "crisis" that will lead to either a healthy or an unhealthy trait.A successful outcome in one stage increases the likelihood of a successful outcome in the next stage, and an unhealthy outcome in one stage makes an unhealthy outcome more likely in the next stage.

Basic trust versus mistrust: 0-18 months. Infant learns to trustor mistrust, During this time, the individual is completely at the mercy of others to meet his or her needs. By age eighteen months, the person will have developed a tendency to trust others if caregivers have met his or her needs consistently and appropriately, or the person will learn to mistrust others because of caregivers who met the child's needs inconsistently or inappropriately.

Autonomy versus shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years. Success in new tasks and exploring environment leads to a sense of autonomy, believing you can do things for yourself. An unsuccessful outcome leads the child to feel shame, feeling small and worthless, and to doubthis or her ability to things autonomously.

Initiative versus guilt: 3 years to 6 or 7 years. Child either learns to use their own initiativerather than rely on others to initiate activities, or to feel guiltas though it were wrong for them to take initiative. The guilt ridden child will feel unaccepted and have negative feelings about oneself, and will feel that independent action is morally wrong.

Industry versus inferiority: 7 years to puberty. Now school age, the child develops a sense of industry, competence and mastery in their abilities, or inferiority. The child preoccupied with feeling inferior will engage in a self-fulfilling prophecy, in that fear of failure will either make the child avoid opportunities to succeed or make the child so nervous that his or her own anxieties interfere with ability to perform.

Identity achievement versus role confusion: Adolescence to beginning of adulthood. During this time, the adolescent develops a sense of who he or she is. The person is learning how very complex the world is and begins to develop goals, opinions, attitudes, and many new traits. Erikson discussed four identity statuses:foreclosure, moratorium, confusion or diffusion and achievement.

Intimacy versus isolation: In early adulthood. Intwenties and thirties, the individual learns psychological intimacy, the ability to form close relationships with others, or will be stuck in psychological isolationin which he or she is unable to experience true closeness with others.

Generativity versus stagnation: In middle adulthood.In forties and fifties, the individual has lived long enough to evaluate the life he or she has lived while there is still time to make major changes if necessary. With a sense of generativity, the person feels concerns for what he or she generates, what he/she contributes to the world. Individuals with very narrow generative concerns might only care that they make certain their offspring do well but without caring what happens to the rest of the world. The unhealthy outcome stagnationcould also be called self-absorption. The psychologically stagnant person's concerns are so narrow that he or she has little or no concern for contributing anything to anyone else.

Ego integrity versus despair: In late adulthood. The individual may look back at the life he or she has lived. The individual may experience ego integrity, a healthy self-concept with self esteem but not self-absorption, or may experience despair, which may involve depression over the life one has lived or anxiety about the impending end.

Answer 5

The first four stages of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are:

1. Basic Trust versus Mistrust (in the first year of life)
2. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (ages 1 to 3 1/2)
3. Initiative versus Guilt (ages 4 to 6)
4. Industry versus Inferiority (age 6 to puberty)

Answer 6

Erikson's psychosocial theory includes eight stages that individuals go through across their lifespan. These stages are: trust vs. mistrust (infancy), autonomy vs. shame and doubt (early childhood), initiative vs. guilt (preschool age), industry vs. inferiority (school age), identity vs. role confusion (adolescence), intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood), generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood), and integrity vs. despair (late adulthood). Each stage presents a unique challenge that individuals must successfully navigate for healthy psychosocial development.

Answer 7

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development was developed by Erik Homburger Erikson. The stages are named, in order, Hopes, Will, Purpose, Competence, Fidelity, Love, Care, and Wisdom.