Well from approximately 1878, when the method of obstruction
really came into play, Parnell would be considered the face of
Irish nationalism. But you can't really say that at any specific
point that Parnell succeeded him. Isaac Butt died in the May of
1879, before then the Home rule association had appointed Parnell
as its head. But this was the association of Home Rule in England
which was largely fenian and it was NOT the political party.
In the technical sense Parnell never succeeded Butt. But in the
minds and image of Irish nationalism he would have overtaken him
during 1878 with the obstructionism campaign.