Its an electro-magnet -

currents flowing through the iron core.

Rare earth magnets are a type of magnet made from rare earth elements that are exceptionally strong compared to traditional magnets like ferrite or alnico magnets. Rare earth magnets have a much higher magnetic strength and are often used in applications that require a strong magnetic field, such as in electronics or motors.

No, rare earth magnets do not stick to gold because gold is non-magnetic. Rare earth magnets are attracted to materials that have magnetic properties, such as iron and steel.

Some other names include NdFeB, Neo, or Nib. This is also known as a rare-earth magnet and they have the potential to store large amounts of magnetic energy. Several different websites sell these - one is Applied Magnets.

Rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made, producing significantly stronger magnetic fields. You can make substitutions but you won't get the same strength of magnetism.