Hubble Space Telescope

More than 10,000 scientists built the Hubble Telescope. They were assigned to work on different parts of the Hubble Telescope.

Not rent per se, but civilians can request and be granted observation time, though it's very limited.

Most HST observation time is granted in advance to Astrophysics and Astronomy teams based on submitted proposals, as well as their association with countries that helped build and maintain HST. However, the Space Telescope Science Institute (the unit that controls HST and its observations here in Maryland at Johns Hopkins) Director has 10% of "Director's Discretionary (DD) allocation time" for HST observations. The Director on occasion does grant use to civilians, though they must go through the same submission procedure as any scientist would, and any submission must clearly justify use of HST. Using it to observe women on the beach in Maui is not considered justifiable use. Besides, that's what submarine periscopes are for.

You can read more about it at the link below.

The Hubble Space Telescope cost approximately $1.5 billion to build and launch, with additional costs for its maintenance and upgrades over the years. The telescope was launched in 1990, and its development spanned several years, beginning in the 1970s. Including operational costs, the total investment in Hubble is estimated to exceed $10 billion over its lifetime.

A refractor has no obstacles in the image path which can cause diffraction. reflectors have "spiders" (newtonians) and/or multiple optical elements which result in diffraction and lower respective image quality. both types have their advantages and disadvantages.

given any specific objective size, the refractor design is generally more expensive, and at a certain point (about 40"), refractors become infeasible due to the weight of the primary objective lens and the length of the tube. reflectors can, these days, be built to any dimension via multiple objective mirrors all controlled by computer to perfect alignment (well, within a reasonable degree of accuracy at least).

refractors are generally considered to be the instrument of choice for planetary viewing due to the pureness of the image path. reflectors are the instrument of choice for deep space and wide field viewing, due to the affordability of superior light gathering power of large mirrors vs smaller objective lenses for a given cost. a large folded reflector is far more portable than a large refractor, as well as more affordable.

so a determination of "which is better?" becomes dependent on what type of viewing you wish to do, how portable the system needs to be, and what your budget is.

Edwin Hubble

In Space

HST orbits the Earth about every 97 minutes, or about 14 times a day. Over a year's period, that comes out to just over 5400 orbits per year.

It depends on the position of HST in orbit and where the information is being relayed to/from, but in general only a few seconds at its furthest point. HST is in a low-earth orbit to avoid the Van Allen belt, so its orbit is only a few hundred nautical miles high.

No invasion of privacy. The telescope aims at the stars in space and not at objects on Earth.

Edwin Hubble received his bachelor's degree in 1910 from the University of Chicago. He initially studied physics and astronomy, laying the foundation for his future contributions to the field of cosmology.

HST runs on electricity supplied by massive Power Supply Units, which get their electricity from the 2 huge Solar Panels on either side of the spacecraft.

In the '20s Edwin Hubble discovered that the Milky Way is just one of millions of galaxies and he showed that the galaxy is expanding.

To the best of my knowledge and intensive research among all the available photos and videos there is no record telling the exact hour of deployment of the HST. It appears that this information has not been considered of importance.

The EXIF-files of the images of the HST taken during the deployment are not available. There are a few shots showing the HST immediately after deployment with clearly recognizable features of the land below, e.g. Cuba and the Bahamas, in broad daylight. Looking at details of such photos gives an estimated time of about 11 hours local time in Cuba which would be 14 hours GMT (UTC).

Hubble Space Telescope

The biggest change is thermal - since HST moves through the day/nigh terminator in orbit, there is a thermal temperature change of about 500 degrees Fahrenheit every 90 minutes. HST's first set of solar arrays were actually warped by the changes, and were first replaced during the First Servicing Mission in 1993. The current solar arrays, installed during the last Servicing Mission just a couple of years ago, are extremely sturdy and energy efficient; much was learned from the failure and design of the first arrays.

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NASA

-- Once you get past our "local group", every galaxy is moving away from us.

-- The farther any galaxy is from us, the faster it's moving away from us.

Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding, which he demonstrated through his observations of distant galaxies. By analyzing the redshift of light from these galaxies, he found that they were moving away from us, leading to the formulation of Hubble's Law. This discovery fundamentally changed our understanding of the universe's structure and dynamics, suggesting that it was not static but rather constantly expanding over time. His work laid the groundwork for modern cosmology and the Big Bang theory.

The Hubble Space Telescope can see much further than ground-based telescopes primarily due to its location above Earth's atmosphere. This eliminates atmospheric distortion and light pollution, allowing for clearer and sharper images. Additionally, Hubble is equipped with advanced instruments and high-resolution cameras that enhance its ability to detect faint light from distant objects in the universe, enabling observations of celestial phenomena billions of light-years away.

No specific temperature. -273.63 degree C to 115 degree C.

It is above the atmosphere and not in any atmosphere.

No, the HST orbits at 570 km above Earth (and not 36,000 km as the geostationary satellites do). It flies round Earth (= one orbit) in 97 minutes, the speed is about 28,000 kilometers per hour.