Mining

You can access past papers for the Rio Tinto Big Science Competition on their official website or by contacting the competition organizers directly. Additionally, some schools or educational institutions may have copies of past papers that they can provide to students preparing for the competition.

The changing lithosphere affects the drainage patterns of the continents. The Continental Divide marks the division whereby the rivers drain west and east from the divide. Continental drainage systems were also created and are affected by the movement of ice.

Open cut mining involves removing material from the earth's surface, using large equipment like draglines or excavators. Underground mining involves tunneling underground to access mineral deposits and is typically used when the mineral resource is deep or too dangerous to extract from the surface.

Erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, especially marine life, and contamination of water bodies are some of the environmental issues cause by mining. Soil erosion is prominent as mines are reclaimed when they are closed down. This will cause an instability in the soil, which is prone to erosion whe there is a heavy rain. Soil and other minerals from the mine also run into water bodies, contaminating them and destroying marine life.

Some common problems with underground mining include safety risks due to cave-ins and gas explosions, environmental concerns related to water contamination and land degradation, as well as the difficulty in accessing and extracting minerals in deep and narrow spaces. Additionally, the cost of ventilation and transportation can be high in underground mines.

An assay value of an ore is the concentration of a specific metal or mineral within the ore. It is determined through testing and analysis of a sample to understand the quality and quantity of the metal present in the ore. This information helps in assessing the economic viability of extracting and processing the ore.

Hematite and Magnetite are the main ores of Iron.

Copper mines are usually large because copper deposits tend to be spread out over a wide area. To make mining economically viable, large-scale operations are needed to extract enough copper ore. Additionally, the size of the mine allows for more efficient extraction and processing of the copper ore.

Isisium ore can be obtained by mining in the Sandy Plains or Flooded Forest regions of Monster Hunter Rise. It is a rare mining material, so you may need to visit these locations multiple times to gather enough Isisium ore for crafting.

Advantages of open-pit mining include lower operational costs, higher production rates, and easier access to minerals. However, it can lead to environmental degradation, safety hazards for workers, and disruptions to local communities. It also has a larger land footprint compared to other mining methods.

When water freezes it expands by around 10 percent. When water that is trapped in cracks or porous layers in rock freezes and expands, it exerts pressure on the rock and splits it into smaller pieces. This leads to erosion.

What are two main types of mining and how do they differ? Open cast mining, and underground mining. The reason they differ, is because underground mining is where they create shafts that lead to ore beds. Open cast mining, is the opposite of underground mining. I really hope this answer is useful! I love to help people get better at science. I hope I helped you guys! Bye.

Useful minerals can be mined from various sources such as mines, quarries, and seabeds. These minerals are essential for various industries like construction, technology, and manufacturing. Mining operations extract these minerals for use in everyday products and applications.

There are some things that are difficult to mine via the open pit method. But when it is possible to apply the techniques of the open pit mine to recover rock and minerals, this mining type is good for basically two reasons. One is because it is relatively safer, and the other relates to the scale of the mine.

We recover materials from the ground every day, and have done so for thousands of years. The open pit mine presents far fewer hazards than underground mining, and the reasons are fairly obvious. In a shaft or drift, there are many things that can go wrong and cause loss of life and/or equipment. There are far fewer in an "outdoor" mining activity as it is practiced in an open pit.

The largest mines in the world are essentially big holes in the ground. These open pit mines use the economy of scale to produce materials, copper being one. The concentrations of copper are not high, so it is essential to move large volumes of ore to recover the metal in a manner that makes it cost effective on the site, and competitive on the world market to do so.

Land can be restored after underground mining by filling in the excavated areas with soil and replanting vegetation to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. It is also important to monitor the site for any potential environmental impacts, such as water pollution or subsidence, and address them accordingly. Additionally, community engagement and involvement in the restoration process is key for long-term sustainability.

The density of quarry dust can vary depending on the composition and moisture content, but on average it is typically around 1.5 - 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter.

An open pit mine is essentially a big hole in the ground. Dust is created in mining activities, and any moisture falling into the mine can dissolve minerals and convey them into ground water. The blasting and other noise might disturb some people nearby. Additionally, when the mine is played out, some reclamation activities will doubtlessly have to be applied to attain a degree of land restoration.

1. Metallic luster: minerals that have the appearance of polished metal, such as pyrite or galena.
2. Vitreous luster: minerals that have a glassy appearance, like quartz or feldspar.
3. Pearly luster: minerals that exhibit a soft, pearl-like sheen, such as talc or gypsum.

Biotite mica has a Mohs hardness of 2.5-3.0.

a property called conchoidal fracture, which is characterized by smooth, curved breakage surfaces similar to those seen on broken glass. This type of fracture is common in minerals like quartz, obsidian, and flint.

The largest diamond mine in the world is the Jwaneng diamond mine in Botswana. Jwaneng mine is jointly owned by the Debswana Diamond Company and the Botswana government. It produces some of the highest quality diamonds in the world.

Iron is not considered a renewable resource because it is a finite element found in the Earth's crust. Once extracted and used, iron cannot be replenished at a rate that meets human demand. Recycling scrap iron can help reduce the need for new iron extraction and extend its availability.

To conserve limestone, it is important to limit activities that produce pollutants that can degrade the stone, such as acid rain and air pollution. Additionally, controlling water runoff to prevent erosion and avoiding activities that disturb the natural environment where limestone is found can help in its conservation. Engaging in sustainable quarrying practices and implementing restoration efforts in quarries can also contribute to limestone conservation.

Ways to reduce the impact of mining include implementing sustainable mining practices, reclaiming mining sites for post-mining land use, minimizing water pollution and habitat destruction, and promoting the use of recycled materials to reduce the demand for new mining operations.

"Groundwater flow is the movement of water that travels and seeps through soil and rock underground. Stored in cavities and geologic pores of the earth's crust, confined groundwater is under a great deal of pressure. Its upper part is lower than the material in which it is confined. Unconfined groundwater is the term for an aquifer with an exposed water surface."