Critics argue that bid rent theory oversimplifies urban land-use patterns by assuming a linear relationship between land rent and distance from the CBD, overlooking other factors that influence land value. Additionally, it fails to account for non-economic factors that can shape urban development, such as zoning regulations, cultural preferences, and historical legacies. Lastly, bid rent theory does not adequately address the complexities of transportation networks and how they impact land use patterns in modern cities.