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The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar.
Yes. It is the third month of Islamic calendar.
It became year one in the Islamic calendar
To see the Islamic calendar for 1976 simply go to http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/?year=1976.
12th of February 2012 will be 19th Rabi' al-Awwal 1433 in the Islamic calendar.
However it should be noted that the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the exact dates will change year to year.