Perihelion.

When an object orbiting the Sun is at its closest distance to the Sun, it is said to be in perihelion.

Closest to the sun.

At perihelion, Earth it is 91 million miles (147 million km.) from the Sun. At aphelion, it is 95 million miles (152 million km.) from the Sun. The difference is only about 4 million miles (5 million km.), which, for all practical purposes, is a perfectly circular orbit.

This sets the Earth apart from all other planets, especially Mars and Venus, each of which have a perihelion and aphelion that differ significantly.

The closest point to the Sun in a planet's orbit is called perihelion. The furthest point is called aphelion. Phil

Perihelion is the point in a planet's orbit when it is nearest to the sun. Apehelion is when it's furthest from the sun. We would not be coldest at perihelion.