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Hair and feathers are similar in that they are both soft coverings made of keratin that serve, at least in part, as insulation. Beyond that feathers and hair are quite different. True hair is found only in mammals, though other animals may have hairlike structures. A single hair consists of a strand of keratin, which is essentially dead, that continuously grows out of a live follicle. Some modified hairs serve in defense and or in sensory gathering.

Feathers, which are found only in birds and some dinosaurs are more complex, consisting of a central shaft called a rachis and typically branches called barbs. The flight feathers are especially more complex as the barbs are hooked together to form a single flat surface. Unlike hair, a feather that is in the process of growing is partly alive and has blood flowing through it. In addition to insulation, feathers are also used for display and are necessary for birds to fly.

Despite seeming similar at first glance, feathers and fur evolved separately.

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