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If you are looking for an easy method that is not based in scientific data try this:
Heating requirement is the same as cooling. To calculate Btu needed to cool look at the furnace for input Btu then multipy that by effeciency of unit.
Now think about the coldest day the furnace will provide okay heating such as 5 degrees outside and 68 degrees inside. Subtract those and you have 63 degrees.
If you heating Btu was 80000 input and 80% efficient, you need 64000 btu to heat 63 degrees.
Do similar math to hottest day and desired inside cool temperature. Maybe 103 degrees outside and 72 degrees inside.
That is 31 degrees difference.
Use heat math of 64000 Btu for 63 degree which is very roughly 1000 Btu per degree.
Apply that to cooling and it's roughly 31000 Btu, or around 2-1/2 ton cooling.
Please don't bark at me about the basic nature of my math-I thought I would explain this as a method to start or get an idea. There is a method that accounts for all factors but no way could I explain it. Also, if using electric heat your btu will be about 4.5 per watt and no efficiency applies. The watts can be found on the inside of the furnace above the blower.
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