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Geothermal is energy, we don't convert it to energy. I think what you're really asking is how can we convert geothermal energy into work. There are geothermal energy fields near Calistoga California. There they simply bore into the ground where the natural hot steam is found from volcanic action and siphon off the steam. That steam is funneled through turbines that turn and power up attached electricity generators. Then the geothermal energy converted to electrical energy is used in the conventional way to power up appliances and such in homes and buildings to do work. The power plant there is called Calpine.
Geothermal engineers work to transform thermal energy from within the earth into electrical energy. Currently there are about 130 of these geothermal projects in the United States.
electricity
electricity
Batteries are useful because they are use to make things work and that energy is electricity.
electricity
I think that that Hubble telescope uses sun's light energy which then is used to make electricity.
Geothermal energy comes from heat stored within the earth. This can involve pumping water deep into drilled holes to produce hot water or perhaps steam. This heat can be converted to other useful forms of energy to do work.
A power plant turns different types of fuels into other forms of energy. This energy powers the turbines. The turbines create the electricity. Different fuels make different kinds of electricity.
a conductor and a source of energy
To get a LASER to work you need to excite it with energy. The most workable form of energy to do that is electricity. There ae several ways of exciting LASERs to work.
The wind electricity work because of the wind mill, wind mill makes wind energy.