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Because both planets orbit the sun, the distance varies, since at some times both will be on the same side of the sun, but at other times, on opposite sides.

When Jupiter and Earth are closest, Jupiter is 390,682,810 miles (628,743,036 km) from Earth. The Earth is 93,000,000 miles (149,668,992 km) from the Sun. Jupiter is 483,682,810 miles (778,412,028 km) from the Sun. At our most distant, Jupiter is 576,682,810 miles (928,081,020 km) from the Earth, when the two planets are on opposite sides of the Sun. Measured in Astronomical Units (AU), the distance between Earth and Jupiter varies from 4.2 AU to 6.2 AU.

An Astronomical Unit is approximately 93,000,000 miles (149,668,992 km), or the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun. Therefore, the distance between the Earth and Jupiter can be anywhere between slightly over four times or six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

The calculations are very close, but approximate, and also depend upon the slightly varying mass of the Sun, which has an effect on orbital distances.

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