The processes (fission and fusion) that release energy in nuclear explosions complete in from about 10 microseconds to about 50 microseconds depending on the exact design used. How far a falling bomb might move in that time will depend on its velocity, but this distance will be insignificant compared to the diameter of the fireball.
Plutonium
The nuclear fuel either loaded in adedicatednuclear reactor or in an atomic bomb
No!
They have a starter in a bomb and what this will do is shoot a neutron in the nuclear fuel starting a chain reaction
Nuclear bomb can mean either fission or fusion bomb. Hydrogen bomb means fusion bomb. The fusion bomb can be built with any yield one wants, just by adding more stages with more fuel. The fission bomb has a theoretical maximum yield that cannot be exceeded.
An atomic bomb is a complete deliverable bomb, including all nonnuclear components. The nuclear core is a rather small part, typically between 2 to 3 inches in diameter that contains the fissile fuel that when made supercritical by conventional explosives in the bomb fissions and provides the energy to drive the actual nuclear explosion.
many, some are the fuel, some are in the electronics, some are in the case, etc. each has different purposes.
Depends on the bomb: Uranium, Plutonium, Lithium, and Hydrogen are the most common. Different bombs use different ones or different mixtures.
Nuclear fuel is the fuel used to produce nuclear energy.
The 'uranium bomb' is an A-bomb and is a first generation nuclear weapon. The hydrogen bomb or H-bomb is a 2nd generation nuclear weapon and generally many times more powerful. 'H-bomb' can also refer to 3rd generation nuclear weapons that have an additional mass off uranium to provide further fuel, triggered by the 2nd generation fusion reaction; these are the most powerful. But recent studies show that the H-Bomb has more mass, therefore more energy, and therefore has more energy. So the H-bomb is more powerful.
In the test bomb, the material was plutonium. Plutonium was also used in one of the bombs dropped on Japan, Fat Man. Little Boy, the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, was made of uranium.
Nuclear power plants, submarines and aircraft carriers propelled by nuclear reactors. In the future, may be all sort of vehicles could have small and very protected nuclear reactors instead of today's fuel.