1.44 Megabytes
The capacity of the most ubiquitous floppy is 1.44 MB. Floppies in other capacities have also been made.
The biggest disadvantage is that it has very little storage capacity. The maximum storage capacity of a (last generation) floppy disk is around 240 megabytes. A USB stick, CD, or DVD-ROM can all hold much more than this. Secondly, fewer and fewer computer termnials are being manufactured with floppy disk drives, since they have been replaced by other storage methods. This means it is hard to get your data off the disk. Thirdly, floppy disks are more easily corruptible than other methods of data storage.
The floppy disk is obsolete. The CD has a much larger data capacity and is also more reliable, and the memory stick has an even larger data capacity than the CD.
It's a storage device, much like a flash drive or dvd drive now.
Magnetic storage has come a long way since 1967 when IBM developed the 8-inch floppy disk. However, I assume you are referring to the 5 1/4 floppy that came out in 1976 and the 3 1/2 high-density disk that came out in 1987. The three major differences between these two disks are the physical size, the storage size, and the speed. The 3 1/2 disks were much quicker, smaller in size, and held more data.
No. Floppy disks are magnetic media that rely on magnetic polarization to write data to the disk much like a hard drive. Unlike CD media they can be erased by a strong magnet field that effectively scrambles the data tracks.
Zip disks can hold 100 megabytes. Today's hard drives usually hold 250 gigabytes, smaller ones are around 100 gigabytes, and large ones are upwards of 500 gigabytes. One gigabyte is 1000 megabytes, so the typical hard drive can hold 2,500 times more than a zip disk. To answer the question in one word, no.
A standard 3.5" floppy disk holds significantly less than a gigabyte. As a fraction, a floppy holds about 1/711 of a gigabyte.
Yes
In their basic form, floppy discs are common hard disks are the same technology. They both use magnetism to store and read data. They both use a spinning platter read by a horizontally moving read head. The key differences are that hard disks have the data and reader in the same package, this is why hard discs have evolved in storage capacity while floppy disks remained the same. It was necessary for the written layer of a floppy disk to have the same data density and dimensions as they had to be compatible with floppy disk drives. However with hard discs the drives and read heads could evolve along side the data layer. Hard discs now have metal platers, and store data at a much higher density. The speed of the mechanisms are much much faster. New technologies such as perpendicular storage can be added and have no impact on compatibility.
In their basic form, floppy discs are common hard disks are the same technology. They both use magnetism to store and read data. They both use a spinning platter read by a horizontally moving read head. The key differences are that hard disks have the data and reader in the same package, this is why hard discs have evolved in storage capacity while floppy disks remained the same. It was necessary for the written layer of a floppy disk to have the same data density and dimensions as they had to be compatible with floppy disk drives. However with hard discs the drives and read heads could evolve along side the data layer. Hard discs now have metal platers, and store data at a much higher density. The speed of the mechanisms are much much faster. New technologies such as perpendicular storage can be added and have no impact on compatibility.
Of course they are, think of them as the modern replacement for a floppy disk but with no moving parts and much greater capacity!