What Side effects doxycyl?

Answer 1

Gastro-intestinal side-effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea are common, especially with high doses.

Dry mouth, glossitis, discolouration of the tongue, stomatitis and dysphagia have been reported.

Oesophageal ulceration has also been reported after ingestion of capsules with insufficient water, at bedtime. Enterocolitis have also been reported.

Oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, vulvovaginitis, and pruritis ani can occur due to overgrowth of Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis results in soreness, redness and thrush in the mouth, which may extend into the trachea and bronchi. There may also be an overgrowth of resistant coliform organisms, such as Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp., causing diarrhoea. More serious superinfection with resistant staphylococci causing enterocolitis, and also pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile have been reported.

Super-infection due to resistant staphylococci may cause fulminating enteritis.

These complications are rare, except after abdominal surgery, especially gastrectomy.

Usual therapeutic doses given to patients with renal disease increase the severity of ureamia with increased excretion of nitrogen and losses of sodium, accompanied by acidosis and hyperphosphataemia. These effects are related to the dose and severity of renal impairment and are due to the anti-anabolic effects of doxycyclines.

Severe and sometimes fatal hepatotoxicity has been reported in patients with renal impairment and in those given high doses. Doxycycline are deposited in deciduous and permanent teeth, causing discolouration and enamel hypoplasia, although doxycycline causes less tooth discolouration than other tetracyclines. Milk teeth are affected if given to children 3 months to six years, and permanent teeth if given to children up to 12 years.

An increase in intracranial pressure, which may be associated with a bulging fontanelle in infants, has been reported in patients given doxycycline. Vitamin deficiency may occur.

Doxycycline has an anti-anabolic action which may cause a rise in blood urea.

Allergic reactions to doxycycline has been reported, usually as skin reactions.

Allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions: urticaria, maculopapular & erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, pericarditis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura (anaphylactoid purpura), angioneurotic oedema, fixed drug eruptions, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug fever, angiodema, Asthma, anaphylaxis.

Blood abnormalities:

haemolytic anaemia, eosinophilia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia may occur.

In the elderly a negative nitrogen balance may be induced.

• The use of expired doxycycline may lead to the Fanconi-type syndrome which is characterised by polyuria and polydipsia with nausea, vomiting, proteinuria, glucosuria, acidosis, amino-aciduria, hypophosphataemia and hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia and hyperuricaemia. Cross-sensitisation between tetracyclines is common.

Photosensitivity of the skin and nails has occurred, and onycholysis may be associated with nail discolouration.

A Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reaction has been reported in patients with relapsing fever treated with doxycycline.