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What are novae?

Updated: 9/14/2023
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Novae (singular nova, Latin for new) are exploding stars.

A "nova" is technically a fusion explosion on the surface of a white dwarf star.

A "supernova" is the end of the cycle of fusion in large stars. The resulting loss of pressure within the star allows the outer layers to collapse, and they are then thrown outward with incredible force.

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Continue Learning about Astronomy

What is the name for stars that brighten then fade?

A variable star. See related question for more information


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No, a nova is a star showing a sudden large increase in brightness and then slowly returning to its original state over a few months. Novae are caused by a cataclysmic nuclear explosion on a white dwarf, which causes a sudden brightening of the star and they can repeat on the same star as material repeatedly builds up on its surface from a nearby companion. They are therefore always in a binary system. Novas/Novea should not be confused with "Supernovae" which are different and are classified into different types.


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A nova (as distinct from a supernova) is produced in a close binary system where one member is a white dwarf and the other a larger, less dense star. The white dwarf 'sucks' gas from the larger star which condenses into an accretion disc around the white star's equator. When this accretion disc reaches a critical mass it interacts with material on the white star and produces a huge thermonuclear explosion. This is what we see as a nova event. Novae are variable stars.

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