A particular substance isn't itself the "coldest" or "hottest." Substances can exist at many temperatures, and every single substance can be as cold as you want it to be! If you had a very special refrigerator, you could bring any substance down to absolute zero (which is 0 K or -273.15 °C or -459.4 °F)! Absolute zero is as cold as you can go, but cannot be achieved due to a law of physics known as the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and certain Entropy related laws of Thermodynamics.
We often think of things like liquid nitrogen as being very cold, and that's true. But there is nothing special about the nitrogen... it is a substance like anything else, it has just cooled to very low temperature. Think about hot water from the faucet and an ice cube -- they are both just water. There is nothing special about the ice cube except that it was in the freezer, whereas the hot water was heated.
Liquid gases are very cold (because if they warm up, they don't remain liquids, but turn back into gases). So liquid nitrogen is very cold (liquid nitrogen boils at boils at 77.35 K, which is -195.8 °C or -320.44 °F. However, liquid hydrogen would be much colder because it boils at 20.268 K, which is -252.88 °C or -423.184 °F). But frozen or solid hydrogen would be colder yet! The freezing point of hydrogen gas is 14.03 K, which is -259.13 °C or -434.425 °F. Now that's cold! Liquid helium has the lowest boiling point of all the elements, with a boiling point of 4.125 K and a freezing point of 0.95 K!
The coldest substance on Earth are Superfluids, such as liquid helium, which is less than a degree above absolute zero (0* K), which is the lowest possible (or impossible, as it would seem) temperature. Absolute zero is the temperature where no heat energy exists.
liquid nitrogen is the coldest substance that stays cold in the outside air, but superfluid helium is the coldest known substance can be 0,95 degrees Kelvin or -272,2 degrees Celcius.(Almost "Absolute Zero")
Water IS a substance, so your question really doesn't make sense. Under general conditions, water can't get any colder than 0 centigrade, then it turns into ice.
You can lower the freezing point by addding various chemicals, then it's not pure water any more.
Under certain condition it's also possible to create super-cooled water, which will sit as a liquid at some degrees below freezing. But this is an unstable condition, and the liquid will freeze solid instantly at the slightest disturbance.
Gold is the Coolest metal and it is has the highest heat resistance. IMHO
titanium
Water
Galvanized dont rust. They are coated with zinc to keep the oxygen reacting with the iron in most steel.
The most rust resistant stainless steels contain nickel and chromium in addition to iron.
In Antarctica, liquid sea water is most always warmer than the ambient air of the continent. The exception is in the Antarctic Peninsula, where the ambient air sometimes rises above freezing temperatures.
Assuming by strongest you mean most durable, maintenance free, and scratch resistant, then it is by far tungsten carbide.
The most hydrogen bonds are formed when temperatures on the lake drop to freezing. The molecules spread out and attract to each other in a dipole effect.
have you tried a place where the temperatures are below freezing for most of the year
Drying or freezing most likely. Depending on if the area has freezing temperatures or not.
The American alligator is able to survive in water temperatures approaching freezing during winter. Most crocodiles are tropical and would not survive long in freezing temperatures.
Discovered in 1803, Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant metal known. It is not affected by high temperatures or acids. It has a melting point of 4471°F and a boiling point of 8002°F.
A diamond with fewer internal flaws is most resistant to damage, as well as one that is well-set in metal.
most likely silver as this metal is resistant to corrosion (breaking down/rusting)
Metal cases are the best for impact resistance.
Aluminum Patio furniture is the most widely offered weather resistant furniture. These are purchasable from most patio furniture dealerships.
Iridium
The temperatures on Uranus are far below the freezing point of water, and most other ices.
Yes, but not when it's freezing, or they'll most likely die in -94 F temperatures.
No, most stab resistant vests are made of lexan panels. Some have the panels sewn into the vest, others have them in pockets.