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Evidence in criminal law is any item or testimony that assists in the proof of a prosecution or defense. It can be a weapon, a document, forensic samples or the testimony of a witness, and both sides of a criminal case are allowed to present evidence to the court for consideration. Real evidence is physical evidence, such as a gun, a fingerprint, a photograph, or DNA machine, different from testimonial evidence because it not physical object only is the testimony of a witness.
Testimonial Evidence is, a recounting of events/criminal activity witnessed by someone at or near the scene of the crime. Police Reorts can be used as 'Testimonial Evidence'.
The two common types of evidence in a civil suit are testimonial evidence, which includes witness testimony, and documentary evidence, which consists of written records, photographs, emails, contracts, or any other physical evidence that can be presented in court.
Word against word, or testimonial evidence, can be considered in court but is generally weaker than other types of evidence such as physical evidence or documents. It can be challenging to determine credibility and reliability in a situation where it is one person's word against another. Additional evidence or corroboration may be necessary to support a case based solely on testimonial evidence.
By "real evidence" I assume you mean evidence given by a witness verbally under oath on the witness stand. That is called testimonial evidence. In any event there are two types of evidence. One is testimonial evidence and one is demonstrative evidence. Testimonial evidence is simply evidence given by a person testifying verbally under oath or affirmation. Demonstrative evidence is taken from inanimate objects that demonstrate some particular fact. In a typical Law and Order episode the witness who testifies he saw the defendant shoot the victim is providing testimonial evidence. Exhibit A, the murder weapon with the defendant's fingerprints on it is demonstrative evidence, because it demonstrates that the defendant had the weapon in his hand. Both are real evidence as the defendant will shortly be very unhappy to learn.
The four general types of evidence are: -Anecdotal Evidence - Testimonial Evidence - Statistical Evidence - Analogical Evidence Links to articles which can provide you with a clearer answer and descriptions are below.
From "Criminal Procedure & Constitutional Protections" (Second Edition) Non Testimonial Evidence: "Evidence that does not come from the mouth of a witness and may include conduct; physical evidence that may have the operative effect of proving guilt but has not been deemed to have the same effect as speech" Examples: Blood alcohol test, physical test to identify if a suspect is intoxicated. See case Schmerber v California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966)
Caca
If the witness is testifying that HE heard the gunshots - it is called "direct evidence.' It is also a type called "testimonial" evidence as opposed to "demonstative" evidence. The testimonial evidence is that the witness testifies verbally that he heard the gun. The gun itself if entered into evidence would be demonstrative evidence.
Blood alcohol testing is considered non-testimonial because it involves the collection and analysis of physical evidence rather than the individual's communication or statement. Testimonial evidence generally refers to statements or communications made by individuals, such as statements made during an interrogation or trial. Blood alcohol testing, on the other hand, focuses on objective scientific analysis of physical substances like blood or breath, and does not involve the individual's statements or communication.
According to subjective, testimonial evidence, it tends to have little or no odor.
Testimonial evidence is evidence given by a witness of things they've experienced first-hand. The first-hand account of a witness is called their testimony.