Going by film release order, it was Raiders of the Lost Ark, rebranded as it were to Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark. If you are going by chronological order, then it is Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
"Raiders of the Lost Ark" 1981
Indiana Jones reunited with Marion Ravenwood in the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996, and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008
Yes
Indiana Jones. His real name is Henry. The family dog was named Indiana, and Indy liked the name.
There were three Indiana Jones movies prior to the latest one. Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
In the movie he goes by Indiana or Indy, but his real name is Henry Jones, Jr.
"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom"
As of 2014 it is rumored that there will be a 5th installment of the Indiana Jones movies. However, the making of the film has not yet been confirmed.
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), of course.
In the final film Indy married Marion, the girl from the first film.
Indiana Jones reunited with Marion Ravenwood in the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
1981, same as when the first film was made.
The Ark of the Covenant.
The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996, and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008
Harrison Ford played Indiana Jones in all four movies.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom