It's called 'gravity'.
well the motion is round and round but the force that stops it falling over is centrifugal force :)
gravity
The equation of motion is not modified. Net force = mass x acceleration, whether freely falling or not.
potential energyGravity.
Air resistance
motion of free falling object does not have friction, while motion of the cart has force of friction
downward motion
well the motion is round and round but the force that stops it falling over is centrifugal force :)
gravity
Gravitation is not only the 'dominant' force that produces those effects, it's actually the 'only' force responsible for them.
The equation of motion is not modified. Net force = mass x acceleration, whether freely falling or not.
Free falling.
Air resistance
potential energyGravity.
Newton knew that there was an unbalanced force acting on the moon and the falling apple through sheer logic. He realized that things only went down. The idea that what goes up must come down proved there was a scientific reason for this. He also realized there was a pressure or force in between objects that were standing still and whatever it was they were sitting on.The legend is that Newton made the connection between the two questions when he watched a falling apple. He knew that unbalanced forces are needed to change the motion of objects by changing the velocity of the objects. He concluded that an unbalanced force on the moon kept the moon moving circularly around Earth. Newton said that these two forces are actually the same force- a force that he called (gravity)
Friction always acts in a direction opposing the motion of an object.
I have no idea what you mean - the force of gravity acts everywhere.