Who formulated the laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

The first to formally state what we now term the 2nd laws was Sadi Carnot in about 1824. Several others contributed to the laws as we now understand them including Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson. Josiah Willard Gibbs (the one that Gibbs free energy is named after) stated them in pretty much the form we have them now in 1873 in his treatise Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids.

Answer 2

The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics was apparently byRudolf Clausiusin 1850. With reference to cyclic thermodynamic processes he stated:

"In all cases in which work is produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is consumed which is proportional to the work done; and conversely, by the expenditure of an equal quantity of work an equal quantity of heat is produced."

Clausius later restated the law also in another form, this time referring to the existence of a function of state of the system called the internal energy, and expressed it in terms of a differential equation for the increments of a thermodynamic process. In essence this equation states:

"In a thermodynamic process of a closed system, a differential change in the internal energy is equal to the difference between the increment of heat accumulated by the system and the increment of work done by it."

Answer 3

The Great Architect of the Universe created both the first and second law of thermodynamics which states that matter can never be created nor destroyed, it can merely be manipulated to change. Energy is lost in the conversion of matter as shared heat, and this adds to the entropy of the universe.

Answer 4

There are multiple versions each slightly different.

Carnot, Clausius, and Kelvin-Planck are three that I know of

Answer 5

joule