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Who resurrected Jesus if not the one God in heaven?

Updated: 8/20/2019
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11y ago

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Before deciding whether God resurrected Jesus, we should establish the facts as far as possible. The first thing to do is to establish that the resurrection really did occur, as resurrection was such a common motif in ancient Near Eastern religions. John Dominic Crossan (The Birth of Christianity) says that it is not morally acceptable to say directly and openly that our story is truth but yours is myth; ours is history but yours is lie.

The first gospel account of Jesus is actually Mark's Gospel, written around 70 CE. This now contains a story of the risen Jesus being seen by Mary Magdalene, then by two of them and finally by the eleven disciples, but none of this was in the Gospel as originally written. The earliest manuscripts of Mark end at verse 16:8, with the young man telling the women that Jesus was risen and they fled in terror, telling no one. This is scarcely proof of a resurrection.

We do certainly have the accounts of the resurrected Jesus in Matthew, Luke and John, but these all differ, especially Matthew. In spite of the attribution subsequently given to them, the gospels were all written anonymously. New Testament scholars have established that Mark was the main source directly (Matthew and Luke) or indirectly (John) for the other gospels. This is important because it means that the authors knew nothing of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus other than what they learnt from Mark, and this explains the differences in the accounts.

The outcome of this is that the only certain thing that the gospels actually tell us is that a young man told the women that Jesus was risen. How the author of Mark knew this is unclear, since he clearly says that the women told no one.

So, who resurrected Jesus? John Shelby Spong (Born of a Woman: A Bishop Rethinks the Birth of Jesus) believes that Jesus was not physically resurrected, but rather "exalted" by God.

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Q: Who resurrected Jesus if not the one God in heaven?
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