Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
See also: Alzheimer's disease
Alternative NamesChronic brain syndrome; Lewy body dementia; DLB; Vascular dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; MCI
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsMost types of dementia are nonreversible (degenerative). Nonreversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.
Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults. People with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain.
Dementia also can be due to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia.
The following medical conditions also can lead to dementia:
Some causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough, including:
Dementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a person gets older.
SymptomsDementia symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function, including:
Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness.
Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops dementia.
Symptoms of MCI include:
The early symptoms of dementia can include:
As the dementia becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of yourself. The symptoms may include:
People with severe dementia can no longer:
Other symptoms that may occur with dementia:
Dementia can often be diagnosed with a history and physical exam by a skilled doctor or nurse. A health care provider will take a history, do a physical exam (including a neurological exam), and perform some tests of mental function called a mental status examination.
The health care provider may order tests to help determine whether other problems could be causing dementia or making it worse. These conditions include:
The following tests and procedures may be done:
For information on how to take care of a loved one with dementia, see: Dementia - home care
The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms of dementia. Treatment depends on the condition causing the dementia. Some people may need to stay in the hospital for a short time.
Stopping or changing medications that make confusion worse may improve brain function.
There is growing evidence that some kinds of mental exercises can help dementia.
Treating conditions that can lead to confusion often greatly improve mental functioning. Such conditions include:
Medications may be needed to control behavior problems caused by a loss of judgement, increased impulsivity, and confusion. Possible medications include:
Certain drugs may be used to slow the rate at which symptoms worsen. The benefit from these drugs is often small, and patients and their families may not always notice much of a change.
A person's eyes and ears should be checked regularly. Hearing aids, glasses, or cataract surgery may be needed.
Psychotherapy or group therapy usually does not help because it may cause more confusion.
Expectations (prognosis)People with mild cognitive impairment do not always develop dementia. However, when dementia does occur, it usually gets worse and often decreases quality of life and lifespan.
ComplicationsComplications depend on the cause of the dementia, but may include the following:
Call your health care provider if:
Most causes of dementia are not preventable.
You can reduce the risk of vascular dementia, which is caused by a series of small strokes, by quitting smoking and controlling high blood pressure and Diabetes. Eating a low-fat diet and exercising regularly may also reduce the risk of vascular dementia.
ReferencesBrewer JB, Gabrieli JDE, Preston AR, Vaidya CJ, Rosen AC. Memory. In: Goetz CG, ed. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 5.
Farlow MR, Cummings JL. Effective pharmacologic management of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med, 2007;120:388-397.
Burns A, Iliffe S. Alzheimer's disease. BMJ. 2009;338:b158.doi:10.1136/bmj.b158.
Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily functioning. It is not a specific disease, but rather a syndrome that can be caused by various conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke. Early detection and management of dementia can help improve quality of life for individuals affected.
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
See also: Alzheimer's disease
Alternative NamesChronic brain syndrome; Lewy body dementia; DLB; Vascular dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; MCI
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsMost types of dementia are nonreversible (degenerative). Nonreversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.
Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults. People with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain.
Dementia also can be due to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia.
The following medical conditions also can lead to dementia:
Some causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough, including:
Dementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a person gets older.
SymptomsDementia symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function, including:
Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness.
Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops dementia.
Symptoms of MCI include:
The early symptoms of dementia can include:
As the dementia becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of yourself. The symptoms may include:
People with severe dementia can no longer:
Other symptoms that may occur with dementia:
A skilled health care provider can often diagnose dementia by performing a physical exam and asking questions about the person's medical history.
The physical exam will include a neurological exam. Tests to check mental function will be done. This is called a mental status examination.
Other tests may be ordered to determine whether other problems could be causing dementia or making it worse. These conditions include:
The following tests and procedures may be done:
Treatment depends on the condition causing the dementia. Some people may need to stay in the hospital for a short time.
Stopping or changing medications that make confusion worse may improve brain function.
There is growing evidence that some kinds of mental exercises can help dementia.
Treating conditions that can lead to confusion often greatly improve mental functioning. Such conditions include:
Medications may be needed to control behavior problems caused by a loss of judgment, increased impulsivity, and confusion. Possible medications include:
Certain drugs may be used to slow the rate at which symptoms worsen. The benefit from these drugs is often small, and patients and their families may not always notice much of a change.
A person's eyes and ears should be checked regularly. Hearing aids, glasses, or cataract surgery may be needed.
Psychotherapy or group therapy usually does not help because it may cause more confusion.
For information on how to take care of a loved one with dementia, see: Dementia - home care
Expectations (prognosis)People with mild cognitive impairment do not always develop dementia. However, when dementia does occur, it usually gets worse and often decreases quality of life and lifespan.
ComplicationsComplications depend on the cause of the dementia, but may include the following:
Call your health care provider if:
Most causes of dementia are not preventable.
Quitting smoking and controlling high blood pressure and diabetes can help you reduce your risk of vascular dementia. This is dementia caused by a series of small strokes. Eating a low-fat diet and exercising regularly may also reduce the risk of vascular dementia.
ReferencesBurns A, Iliffe S. Alzheimer's disease. BMJ. 2009;338.
DeKosky ST, Kaufer DI, Hamilton RL, Wolk DA, Lopez OL. The dementias. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 70.
Knopman DS. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 409.
Peterson RC. Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med 2011 Jun 9;364(23):2227-2234.
Qaseem A, et al., American College of Physicians/American Academy of Family Physicians Panel on Dementia. Current pharmacologic treatment of dementia: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2008 Mar 4;148(5):370-8.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 09/26/2011
Luc Jasmin, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and Department of Anatomy at UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
People with dementia are typically older adults, with the risk increasing with age. However, early-onset dementia can occur in individuals as young as their 40s or 50s. The majority of individuals diagnosed with dementia are over the age of 65.
There are treatments available to help manage symptoms of dementia, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine that can improve cognitive function and behavior. Non-pharmacological interventions like cognitive stimulation therapy and music therapy have also shown benefits in improving quality of life for individuals with dementia. However, there is currently no cure for dementia.
Dealing with dementia can be challenging, but creating a supportive and structured environment can help. This may include establishing routines, simplifying tasks, and providing clear communication. It is also important to encourage independence as much as possible and seek assistance from healthcare professionals and support groups for guidance and emotional support.
You can find information on treatments for dementia from reputable sources such as the Alzheimer's Association, Mayo Clinic, or National Institute on Aging. These organizations have extensive resources on various treatment options, including medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms of dementia. It's also important to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance.
Yes, repeating oneself can be a symptom of dementia, particularly in the early stages. It can be indicative of memory problems and difficulty with cognitive processing. However, it's important to consider other factors and consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.
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how does models of dementia care view the person with dementia
Dementia is a noun
She was suffering from dementia.
Dementia
Alzhiemers is a form of dementia it is progressive and fatal. There are many types of dementia.
Most dementia is incurable and irreversible. Forms of dementia that are reversible are caused by a tumor or impairment from drugs or medication.
People with dementia are typically older adults, with the risk increasing with age. However, early-onset dementia can occur in individuals as young as their 40s or 50s. The majority of individuals diagnosed with dementia are over the age of 65.
Alzheimer's is a form of dementia that specifically results in memory loss. If you'd like more information on the symptoms of dementia, as well as some options for those with dementia, please visit the link in the related links.
The three main irreversible causes are Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multi-infarct dementia (also called vascular dementia).
Chlamydia doesn't cause dementia.
Bolex Dementia was created in 1973.