What Is Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A basal cell carcinoma is a kind of skin cancer that occurs in skin cells called basal cells. Basal cells are responsible for creating new skin cells as old skin cells die and slough off. It is possible for these cells to overproduce new cells, leading to carcinoma. This form of cancer is rarely deadly but can lead to disfigurement.

Causes of basal cell carcinoma

Exposure to UV light in heavy amounts is the most likely culprit that triggers the malfunction of the basal cells in skin, which leads to malignancy in those cells. This is caused by a mutation in the DNA of these cells that causes them to attack surrounding cells while also suppressing the immune system's response. Fair-skinned individuals are at higher risk, and there is a small chance of developing this condition in areas not exposed to the sun, as well.

Signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma

This form of carcinoma usually presents as shiny or waxy nodules on the skin in the affected area. It can also look similar to a severe case of dry skin or eczema that worsens and spreads over time, or it may look like a form of scar tissue. Diagnosis is obtained through biopsy.

Treatment options

As with many forms of cancer, there is more than one way to treat basal cell carcinoma. Treatments include surgical removal, freezing, electrodessication, chemotherapy and radiation. There is no surefire way to cure this form of cancer, although many of the treatments are known to have a good amount of success.

Though not often deadly, basal cell carcinoma is a serious condition that requires medical attention and treatment. The treatments for this cancer are sometimes painful, and basal cell carcinoma is difficult to cure permanently. Paying diligent attention to the state of one's skin receiving prompt attention from a physician at the first sign of a problem is essential to catching skin cancers early.

This form of cancer is rarely deadly but can lead to disfigurement

by Judy Wilson, Medical writer