100 BC
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In the year 100 bce
Chemistry
Roman metalworkers produce mercury from the ore cinnabar. See also 25 bce Materials.
CommunicationThe notebook, or codex, consisting of leaves of parchment sewn together on one side is in use in Rome. See also 868 ce Communication.
ConstructionAntipater of Sidon, probably using earlier Hellenic guidebooks, compiles the earliest known list of the Seven Wonders of the World (a slightly different list is given somewhat later by Philon of Byzantium). The list consists of the Pyramids of Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the giant statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Pharos. Of these, only the Pyramids of Egypt stand today. See also 224 bce Construction.
Roman engineers learn shortly after this date how to rotate the arch to produce a dome. They use this extensively thereafter in construction of public buildings. Sometimes this is modified to produce what amounts to a square dome, known as a cloister vault. See also 100 ce Construction. (See essay.)
Apartment houses in Rome, called insulae or "islands," commonly reach five stories. See also 200 bce Construction; 15 bce Construction.
EnergyThe Chinese use natural gas obtained by drilling in the ground. See also 400 bce Energy; 347 ce Energy.
MaterialsSmall, round glass skylights, the ancestors of windowpanes, are installed in houses of the later Roman Republic. See also 100 ce Materials.
The Romans discover that pozzolana, volcanic ash from Puteoli, near Naples, makes excellent concrete that will set and keep its integrity even under fresh or salt water. See also 200 bce Materials; 10 bce Construction.
Glass blowing is developed, probably somewhere in the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, or Israel), most likely by Phoenicians. See also 1370 bce Materials.
People of the culture known as Paracas Necropolis from their burial ground on the Paracas peninsula of Peru produce what many archaeologists believe to be the finest textiles ever made by humans, embroidering on cotton and on the wool of the llama and its relative the vicuña. See also 6000 bce Materials.
MathematicsTheodosius of Bithynia [b. Bythynia (Turkey), c. 160 bce, d. c. 90 bce] writes Sphaerics, a treatise on the geometry of the sphere, written as a supplement to Euclid's Elements.
It provides a mathematical basis for the crystal spheres of Greek astronomy. See also 300 bce Mathematics; 100 ce Mathematics.
ToolsRoller bearings from wood and bronze are used on the wheels of carts in what is now Denmark. See also 50 ce Transportation.
The Chinese invent the crank handle for turning wheels. See also 800 bce Tools; 50 ce Tools.
In Illyria (Yugoslavia and Albania) and probably in western Anatolia (Turkey), water-powered mills are used for grinding grain. These are horizontal turbines that only work on swiftly running streams. With no gears, the upper horizontal stone turns at the same speed as the turbine, while the lower one is stationary. See also 25 bce Energy.
TransportationThe Celts invent a swiveling pair of front wheels (sometimes called a bogie) to make steering easier on carts. See also 1100 bce Transportation; 1340 Transportation.
The earliest form of the horseshoe is introduced in Western Asia and Eastern Europe. See also 1835 ce Food & agriculture.
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100 BC
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 2nd century BC – 1st century BC – 1st century |
| Decades: | 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC – 100s BC – 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC |
| Years: | 103 BC 102 BC 101 BC – 100 BC – 99 BC 98 BC 97 BC |
| 100 BC by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 100 BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 654 |
| Armenian calendar | N/A |
| Assyrian calendar | 4651 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -1943–-1942 |
| Bengali calendar | -692 |
| Berber calendar | 851 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 445 |
| Burmese calendar | -737 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5409–5410 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚辰年 (2537/2597) — to —
辛巳年(2538/2598) |
| Coptic calendar | -383–-382 |
| Ethiopian calendar | -107–-106 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3661–3662 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | -43–-42 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 3002–3003 |
| Holocene calendar | 9901 |
| Iranian calendar | 721 BP – 720 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 743 BH – 742 BH |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 2234 |
| Minguo calendar | 2011 before ROC 民前2011年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 444 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 100 BC |
Year 100 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marius and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 654 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 100 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Republic
- Consuls: Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Gaius Marius (Marius's sixth consulship).
- Manius Aquillius celebrates an ovation for victories in the Second Servile War.
- Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a tribune, passes a law to redistribute land to military veterans. The law requires that all senators swear to abide by it. Quintus Caecilus Metellus Numidicus refuses and is exiled. He goes to Rhodes to study philosophy.
- December – Saturninus stands for consul for the following year. A rival candidate, Gaius Memmius, is found murdered by agents of Saturninus, who is declared a public enemy by the Senate. Marius, as consul, defeats his former ally in battle in the Forum. Saturninus and his followers surrender on condition that their lives are spared, but they are stoned to death with roof tiles by renegade senators.
- The building of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy, is begun. The model of it is now kept at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Italy (approximate date).
Asia Minor
- Tigranes II of Armenia is placed on Armenian throne by the Parthians in exchange for the cession of "seventy valleys". (approximate date)
Judea
- The deuterocanonical books of 1 and 2 Maccabees are written.
Middle East
- Elephants become extinct from Middle East by this date.
Asia
- Peasant revolts under Emperor Wu of Han. The Great Wall is extended out into the Gobi Desert, and sections of the wall are detached with signalling towers.
- Gandhara and Punjab ruled by the Indo-Greek king Demetrios III.
- History of China is written by Sima Qian (approximate date).
America
- Mural room in the Maya pyramid at San Bartolo, Guatemala, painted.
- Olmec III period ends in Southeastern Mexico.
Births
- July 13 – Julius Caesar, Roman general and politician (or 102 BC) (d. 44 BC)
- Titus Labienus, Caesar's chief lieutenant in the conquest of Gaul (d. 45 BC)
Deaths
- Cornelia Africana, widow of Tiberius Gracchus (b. c. 190 BC)
- Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, Roman politician
- Theodosius of Bithynia, Greek astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 160 BC)
References
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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