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political events

The German king Heinrich V presents himself at St. Peter's February 12 for his coronation, but when Pope Paschal II reads the treaty terms commanding the clergy to restore the fiefs of the crown to Heinrich, there is a storm of indignation. The pope thereupon refuses to crown the king, Heinrich refuses to renounce the right of investiture, and he leaves Rome, taking the pope with him. When Paschal is unable to obtain help, he confirm's Heinrich's right of investiture and crowns him emperor (see 1112).

Bohemond I, prince of Otranto, dies at Canossa, Apulia, March 7 at age 58 (approximate), leaving the principality of Antioch to the two sons borne by his French wife, Constance.

Norway's Sigurd I Magnusson returns home overland, leaving some men and his entire fleet at Constantinople as a gift for the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus (see 1110). His brother Eystein has gained territory from Sweden in his absence and encouraged internal progress.

Ramon Berenguer III, count of Barcelona, conquers the county of Besalu for Catalonia (see 1097). Now 29, he will marry Douce (or Dolça) of Provence next year and thereby acquire the county of Provence (see 1116).

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Communication

Questiones naturales by Adelard of Bath [b. Bath, England, c. 1090, d. c. 1150] is an early attempt at scientific method and covers some of the scientific topics Adelard has learned from the Arabs -- meteorology, optics, acoustics, and botany. About this time Adelard also writes Rules of the Abacus and Usage of the Astrolabium. See also 1020 Communication; 1126 Astronomy.

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