1176

1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180

political events

Richard de Clare (Richard FitzGilbert), 2nd earl of Pembroke, dies at Dublin April 20 at age 45, having helped Henry II suppress a rebellion in Normandy. Known as "Strongbow," he has been given custody of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin, but the king has obliged Pembroke to acknowledge royal authority over his conquests in Leinster in order to keep him from establishing himself as an independent ruler.

The Battle of Legnano May 29 gives the infantry of the 9-year-old Lombard League a victory over the feudal cavalry of the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa, who sustains a wound so serious that he is thought for a while to be dead (see 1174; 1177).

The Battle of Myriocephalon in September ends in victory for a Seljuk Turkish army in Phrygia over the Byzantine forces of Manuel I Comnenus, ending Byzantine hope of ousting the Turks from Anatolia. The Turks have ravaged the countryside while heavy wagons carrying Byzantine siege machinery and supplies crawled up into the Phrygian mountains. Qilich Arslan has tried to arrange a peace treaty, but Manuel has heeded the counsel of blood-thirsty younger princes rather than that of his experienced generals and sent a large advance party through the Tzibritze Pass. Feigning a retreat, the Turks have moved into the hills and then charged down the narrow defile, falling upon the main body of Manuel's army; he flees in panic, his army scatters, and the Turks win the day.

The Egyptian sultan Saladin conquers Syria and mounts a campaign to drive the Christians from the kingdom of Jerusalem (see 1174; 1183).

Herat in western Afghanistan falls to the forces of Ghiyas-ud-Din, sultan of Ghur (see 1173).

religion

The Treaty of Anagni ends the schism between Pope Alexander III and the antipope Calistus III; Alexander is recognized as the true pope, Calistus is compensated with an abbacy, but Calistus refuses to accept the treaty (see 1177).

literature

Welsh ecclesiastic Walter Map, 36, organizes legends of King Arthur and his knights of the round table at Camelot (see 1170). Map has journeyed abroad on foreign missions.

music

The Eisteddfod festival of Welsh music, poetry, and drama at Cardigan Castle begins an annual competition by bards that will continue at various locations for more than 800 years.

agriculture

Rabbits are introduced into England as domestic livestock.

1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180

Construction

The original form of the stone London Bridge, known today as Old London Bridge, is started by English priest and architect Peter Colechurch. After it is completed in 1209, various people begin to build houses on it, ruining what little structural integrity the bridge has (there are 19 arches of different sizes and a drawbridge). The houses, many three or four stories high, cause the bridge to continually lose pieces, as in the nursery song. In the 1820s Old London Bridge is replaced by a more modern version, which itself is replaced in the 20th century by the present bridge. See also 1831 Construction.

A document mentions a clock in the Cathedral of Sens (France). See also 1130 Construction; 1292 Tools.

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009)

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century – 12th century – 13th century
Decades:	1140s  1150s  1160s  – 1170s –  1180s  1190s  1200s
Years:	1173 1174 1175 – 1176 – 1177 1178 1179

1176 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

Art and literature

1176 in poetry v • d • e

1176 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1176 MCLXXVI
Ab urbe condita	1929
Armenian calendar	625 ԹՎ ՈԻԵ
Bahá'í calendar	-668 – -667
Berber calendar	2126
Buddhist calendar	1720
Burmese calendar	538
Byzantine calendar	6684 – 6685
Chinese calendar	乙未年十一月十八日 (3812/3872-11-18) — to — 丙申年十一月廿九日 (3813/3873-11-29)
Coptic calendar	892 – 893
Ethiopian calendar	1168 – 1169
Hebrew calendar	4936 – 4937
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1231 – 1232
- Shaka Samvat	1098 – 1099
- Kali Yuga	4277 – 4278
Holocene calendar	11176
Iranian calendar	554 – 555
Islamic calendar	571 – 572
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3509
Thai solar calendar	1719
v • d • e

Events

• Al-Adil I, the Muslim ruler of Egypt, suppresses a revolt by the Christian Copts in the city of Qift, hanging nearly 3,000 of them on the trees around the city.
• January—The Assize of Northampton is enacted.
• May 22—The Hashshashin attempt to murder Saladin near Aleppo.
• Raynald of Chatillon is released from prison in Aleppo.
• May 29—Battle of Legnano: Frederick Barbarossa is defeated by the Lombard League, leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni).
• September 17—Battle of Myriokephalon: The Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel I Comnenus.
• The Cathedral of Sens installs the first "horologe".
• Construction begins on the London Bridge.
• Aberdeen becomes a royal burgh.
• The Carthusian Order is approved.
• The first recorded Welsh Eisteddfod is held by Rhys ap Gruffydd at Cardigan.

Births

• Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (d. 1220)
• Leopold VI of Austria (d. 1230)
• William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date; d. 1226)
• Saint Sava, Serbian prince and archbishop (d. 1235)
• Subutai, Mongol general, involved in campaigns from the unification of Mongolia to the Battle of Mohi

Deaths

• April 20—Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English soldier (b. 1130)
• May 13—Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)
• August 23—Emperor Rokujo- of Japan (b. 1164)
• October 25—William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician (b. c. 1109)
• Rosamund Clifford, mistress of Henry II of England (b. 1150)
• Saint Galdino, Italian archdeacon

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