1197
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1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200
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The Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich VI goes to Italy to persuade Pope Celestine III to crown his infant son Friedrich, who has been chosen king of the Romans at Frankfurt. The pope refuses. Heinrich takes cruel measures to put down an insurrection in the south that has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials; he prepares to embark on a crusade against the Byzantine usurper Alexius III Angelus but comes down with malaria while hunting at Messina and dies there September 28 at age 31 (his 43-year-old wife, Constance, has by some accounts conspired to have him poisoned and uses her political skills to win the protection of Pope Innocent III and secure the imperial throne for her son, who will be crowned in April of next year as Friedrich II).
A 15-year German civil war begins upon the sudden death of Heinrich VI, whose Ghibelline (Waiblingen) brother Philip of Swabia is supported by France's Philippe II Augustus against the Guelph (Welf) Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, who is supported by England's Richard the Lion-Hearted (see 1208).
Bulgaria's czar Peter Asen is assassinated by rival boyars as his brother was last year. He is succeeded by their younger brother Kaloyan (Joannitsa), who acknowledges the supremacy of the pope at Rome rather than that of Constantinople and will reign until 1207, completing the conquest of northern Bulgaria from the Byzantines.
Bohemia ends 14 years of dynastic struggle during which the country has had some 10 different rulers. Duke Ottokar I, who was deposed in 1193, is restored to power and begins a 37-year reign in which he will strengthen Bohemia by taking advantage of German civil war to make Bohemia a decisive factor in German affairs.
Korea ends 27-year period of domestic turmoil as Gen. Choe Chung-hon establishes a military regime that will rule the country until 1258, but the Choe family will control the country from behind the scenes, allowing members of the Koryo dynasty to occupy the throne, as they have since 935.
England's Richard the Lion-Hearted has Château Gaillard built on the Seine as he fights to restore Angevin power in northern France.
1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200
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In the year 1197
Construction
Richard the Lion-Hearted [b. Oxford, England, September 8, 1157, d. Chalus, France, April 6, 1199] builds the Château Gaillard Castle on a hill overlooking the Seine in Normandy, France. See also 1024 Construction; 1200 Construction.
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This article is about the year 1197.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 11th century – 12th century – 13th century |
| Decades: | 1160s 1170s 1180s – 1190s – 1200s 1210s 1220s |
| Years: | 1194 1195 1196 – 1197 – 1198 1199 1200 |
| 1197 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1197 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1197 MCXCVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1950 |
| Armenian calendar | 646 ԹՎ ՈԽԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5947 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -647–-646 |
| Bengali calendar | 604 |
| Berber calendar | 2147 |
| English Regnal year | 8 Ric. 1 – 9 Ric. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1741 |
| Burmese calendar | 559 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6705–6706 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙辰年十二月十一日 (3833/3893-12-11) — to —
丁巳年十一月廿一日(3834/3894-11-21) |
| Coptic calendar | 913–914 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1189–1190 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4957–4958 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1253–1254 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1119–1120 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4298–4299 |
| Holocene calendar | 11197 |
| Iranian calendar | 575–576 |
| Islamic calendar | 593–594 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1197 MCXCVII |
| Korean calendar | 3530 |
| Minguo calendar | 715 before ROC 民前715年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1740 |
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Year 1197 (MCXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Asia
- Genghis Khan defeats the Jurkins. Mukhali's father gives him and his brother to Genghis Khan as personal hereditary slaves.
- Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as King of Jerusalem.
Europe
- Theobald III becomes Count of Champagne.
- Kaloyan becomes Tsar of Bulgaria.
- Corfu is occupied by the Genoese.
- Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, negotiates a peace with Wales.
- North Crawley is split into Great Crawley and Little Crawley.
- Philip of Swabia marries Irene Angelina, daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II.
- The Danes attack Estonia.
- Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands, raid the city of Toulon in Provence and the benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands.[1]
By topic
Market
- A rainy weather causes the harvest to fail in western Europe. One of the worse famines of the century ensues.[2]
Religion
- Arbroath Abbey is consecrated, and dedicated to St. Thomas Becket.
Births
- October 22 – Emperor Juntoku of Japan (d. 1242)
- Amadeus IV of Savoy (d. 1253)
- Raymond VII of Toulouse (d. 1249)
Deaths
- January – William Longchamp, Lord Chancellor of England and bishop
- April 28 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, Welsh ruler (b. 1132)
- September 10 – Henry II of Champagne (b. 1166)
- September 29 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)
- Marguerite of France, daughter of Louis VII of France (b. 1158)
References
- ^ Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux. Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.
- ^ Chester Jordan, William (1997). The great famine: northern Europe in the early fourteenth century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05891-1.
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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