1200

1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200

political events

The Peace of Le Goulet ends hostilities between England and France.

Anglesey is seized by the prince of North Wales, Llewelyn, who 6 years ago returned from exile and drove his uncle David I from his territory.

Eleanor of Aquitaine, now 78, leads an army that crushes a rebellion in Anjou against her second son, England's King John.

Prince George Bobolyubski tries once again to wrest the throne of Georgia from his ex-wife, Tamara. This time he has support from the Seljuk Turks, but again he is repulsed.

science

A Christian monk in the Mar Saba monastery at Constantinople runs out of paper for a prayer book he is copying, finds a parchment book containing the mathematical writings and diagrams left by Archimedes at his death in 212 B.C. (see 1000), scrapes or washes off the original text, and writes over it, creating what scholars will call a palimpsest (year approximate; see 1906).

literature

Philosopher Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi) dies April 23 at age 69, having created a synthesis of neo-Confucian thinking that will dominate China's intellectual life for centuries. He has been barred from political life in his later years through the efforts of his enemies but his reputation will soon be rehabilitated.

Poetry: Der Arme Heinrich by German poet Hartmann von Aue is an epic poem.

1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200

Astronomy

The Chinese build an observatory that allows them to calculate with high precision the length of the year by measuring shadows projected on the ground. See also 1000 Astronomy; 1400 Astronomy.

A chronicler of about this time reports that the Romanesque transept tower of the Beverley Minster has collapsed. He blames this on the architects' having sacrificed a strong structure to achieve an artistic effect. See also 1284 Construction.

The administration of land drainage in the Low Countries (primarily what is now the Netherlands) becomes invested in a central organization known as the Hoogheemradschappen, or Main Polder Boards. See also 1556 Food & agriculture.

At Mesa Verde (southern Colorado), the Anasazi build pueblos in the face of large cliffs -- probably for defensive purposes. These survive fairly well today, protected by the overhang of the cliffs, but they are not as well built as earlier pueblos, such as those at Chaco Canyon (New Mexico), which date from 100 to 200 years earlier. See also 1100 Construction.

About this time the original version of Kalmarnahaus, or Kalmar Castle, an island fortress, is erected in Sweden. It is rebuilt and expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries, although part of the 13th-century castle still remains. See also 1197 Construction; 1222 Construction.

Coal mines are operating in pits in Great Britain on the Firth of Forth, near Edinburgh, Scotland, and in Northumberland. See also 1307 Ecology & the environment.

Houses with chimneys gradually become common, although chimneys had been in use earlier for bakers' ovens and for smelting.

Buckwheat is grown in Europe.

The Catalan forge emerges in Catalonia, Spain, for smelting iron. Using a column of falling water to push air into the mixture of iron ore and burning charcoal, the forge is now considered a predecessor to the blast furnace. The resulting iron is used as the basis for wrought iron. See also 800 Materials; 1340 Materials.

This article is about the year. For the turntable, see Technics SL-1200.

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009)

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century – 12th century – 13th century
Decades:	1170s  1180s  1190s  – 1200s –  1210s  1220s  1230s
Years:	1197 1198 1199 – 1200 – 1201 1202 1203

1200 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

Art and literature

1200 in poetry v • d • e

1200 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1200 MCC
Ab urbe condita	1953
Armenian calendar	649 ԹՎ ՈԽԹ
Bahá'í calendar	-644 – -643
Berber calendar	2150
Buddhist calendar	1744
Burmese calendar	562
Byzantine calendar	6708 – 6709
Chinese calendar	己未年十二月十三日 (3836/3896-12-13) — to — 庚申年十一月廿四日 (3837/3897-11-24)
Coptic calendar	916 – 917
Ethiopian calendar	1192 – 1193
Hebrew calendar	4960 – 4961
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1255 – 1256
- Shaka Samvat	1122 – 1123
- Kali Yuga	4301 – 4302
Holocene calendar	11200
Iranian calendar	578 – 579
Islamic calendar	596 – 597
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3533
Thai solar calendar	1743
v • d • e

Contents 1 Events 2 Births 3 Maps of 1200 AD 4 Deaths

Events

• August 24 – John of England weds 13 year old Isabella of Angoulême at Bordeaux.
• The University of Paris receives its charter from Philip II of France.
• The Mongols defeat Northern China.
• Buddhism declines in India (approximate date).
• Saint Elisabeth of Hungary d.1207–1231
• The Iroquois invade modern-day Ohio from the north.

Births

• Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (d. 1265)
• Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (d. 1278)
• Adam Marsh, English Franciscan (approximate date; d. 1259)
• John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry (d. 1240)
• Matthew Paris, English Benedictine monk and chronicler (approximate date; d. 1259)
• Rabbi Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (d. 1270)
• January 19—Dogen Zenji, founder of Soto Zen (d. 1253)
• 7 July- Elisabeth of Hungary Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia (d.1207)
• Sant Dnyaneshwar, Indian Marathi Saint, philosopher and poet (1275–1296)
• Mindaugas, Great king of Lithuania (1236–1253)

Maps of 1200 AD

Map of major states in 1200 before the rise of the Mongols.

Map of the Eastern Hemisphere circa 1200

Deaths

• Count Joscelin III of Edessa
• April 23—Zhu Xi, Chinese Confucian philosopher (b. 1130)
• December—Gilbert Horal, 12th Grand Master of the Knights Templar
• Beatritz de Dia (approximate date)
• Ibn al-Razzaz al-Raziri, Arabian scientist (approximate date)

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