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1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240
Contents: political eventsreligion communications, media |
The earl of Pembroke falls into enemy hands and dies in captivity. The new archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Rich, 59, rebukes Henry III for following foreign counselors, holds him responsible for Pembroke's murder, and threatens him with excommunication. The king dismisses his Poiteven friends but replaces them with a new clique of servile and rapacious followers.
Sweden's Erik XI regains the throne he lost 5 years ago. Now 18, he will reign until 1250.
France's Louis IX is married May 27 to Marguerite de Provence, 13, eldest daughter of Raymond Berengar IV, comte de Provence, and thus extends French authority beyond the Rhône. France annexes Navarre and will retain it for 2 centuries.
The Georgian capital Tiflis falls to Mongol forces (see 1122; Mongols, 1233; 1235).
The Decretals promulgated by Pope Gregory IX will be the basic source of ecclesiastical law in the Roman Catholic Church for nearly 700 years.
Raymond du Pauga, bishop of Toulouse, hears from the household servant of a local woman that her mistress is dying in her nearby home and wants to make confession. The bishop goes to the rich woman's side August 5. The woman believes that her visitor is a clandestine Cathar "heretic" and makes full confession of her faith. The bishop has her lashed to her bed, and she is carried to the street, where she is burned at the stake (see inquisition, 1233). Armed women in several French communities rally male support to prevent the arrest of female "heretics" (see 1243).
Pope Gregory IX canonizes the Spaniard Dominic, who began the mendicant Dominican order that rivals the Franciscans (the pope canonized St. Francis of Assisi in 1228).
Koreans develop a technique for printing from movable type (see 1206; Ravenna, 1289).
1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240
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This article is about the year 1234. For other uses, see 1234 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1200s 1210s 1220s – 1230s – 1240s 1250s 1260s |
| Years: | 1231 1232 1233 – 1234 – 1235 1236 1237 |
| 1234 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1234 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1234 MCCXXXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1987 |
| Armenian calendar | 683 ԹՎ ՈՁԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5984 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -610–-609 |
| Bengali calendar | 641 |
| Berber calendar | 2184 |
| English Regnal year | 18 Hen. 3 – 19 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1778 |
| Burmese calendar | 596 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6742–6743 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸巳年十一月三十日 (3870/3930-11-30) — to —
甲午年十二月初十日(3871/3931-12-10) |
| Coptic calendar | 950–951 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1226–1227 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4994–4995 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1290–1291 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1156–1157 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4335–4336 |
| Holocene calendar | 11234 |
| Iranian calendar | 612–613 |
| Islamic calendar | 631–632 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1234 MCCXXXIV |
| Korean calendar | 3567 |
| Minguo calendar | 678 before ROC 民前678年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1777 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1234 |
Year 1234 (MCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Africa
- The Manden region raises against the Kaniaga kingdom. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of the Mali empire.
Asia
- February 9 – Song Dynasty Chinese and Mongolian armies occupy the Jurchen capital at Caizhou, marking the collapse of the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234).
Europe
- Upon the death of Knut Långe, the deposed Erik Eriksson returns as king of Sweden, possibly after a small war between the two of them. It is also possible that Knut dies of natural causes and Erik peacefully then returns as king.
- Pope Gregory IX calls for a crusade against Bosnia, and replaces the Bogumil Bosnian Bishop with a Catholic Dominican German, Johann.
- King Andrew II of Hungary proclaims herzeg Coloman as Ban of Bosnia, who passes it on to Prijezda, a cousin of Ban Matej Ninoslav (1234 to 1239), despite Matej being the legitimate Ban of Bosnia.
- Sancho II of Portugal conquers the cities of Aljustrel and Mértola over the Muslims.[1]
By topic
- Saint Dominic is canonized.
- Pope Gregory IX releases the Nova Compilatio Decretalium.
Births
- Abaqa Khan, Mongol emperor of Persia (d. 1282)
- Imam Nawawi, prominent Muslim scholar
Deaths
- April 16 – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
- June 18 – Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (b. 1218)
- August 31 – Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (b. 1212)
- Alan, Lord of Galloway
- Stefan Radoslav, King of Serbia (b. 1192)
- Knut Långe, usurper to the Swedish throne since 1229
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
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