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The earl of Pembroke falls into enemy hands and dies in captivity. The new archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Rich, 59, rebukes Henry III for following foreign counselors, holds him responsible for Pembroke's murder, and threatens him with excommunication. The king dismisses his Poiteven friends but replaces them with a new clique of servile and rapacious followers.
Sweden's Erik XI regains the throne he lost 5 years ago. Now 18, he will reign until 1250.
France's Louis IX is married May 27 to Marguerite de Provence, 13, eldest daughter of Raymond Berengar IV, comte de Provence, and thus extends French authority beyond the Rhône. France annexes Navarre and will retain it for 2 centuries.
The Georgian capital Tiflis falls to Mongol forces (see 1122; Mongols, 1233; 1235).
The Decretals promulgated by Pope Gregory IX will be the basic source of ecclesiastical law in the Roman Catholic Church for nearly 700 years.
Raymond du Pauga, bishop of Toulouse, hears from the household servant of a local woman that her mistress is dying in her nearby home and wants to make confession. The bishop goes to the rich woman's side August 5. The woman believes that her visitor is a clandestine Cathar "heretic" and makes full confession of her faith. The bishop has her lashed to her bed, and she is carried to the street, where she is burned at the stake (see inquisition, 1233). Armed women in several French communities rally male support to prevent the arrest of female "heretics" (see 1243).
Pope Gregory IX canonizes the Spaniard Dominic, who began the mendicant Dominican order that rivals the Franciscans (the pope canonized St. Francis of Assisi in 1228).
Koreans develop a technique for printing from movable type (see 1206; Ravenna, 1289).
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