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Contents: political eventsmedicine literature agriculture food availability |
Hungary's András II dies after a 30-year reign in which he has lost vast territories. His 29-year-old son will reign until 1270 as Belá IV and will try to recoup the losses sustained by András, despite ruinous invasions from Mongols (see 1241) and treacherous rivalry on the part of his own son, Stephen (see 1262).
The Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II of Hohenstaufen marries Isabella, the sister of England's Henry III.
Aragon's Jaime I gains Ibiza in the Balearic Islands through the conquest by the bishop of Saragossa (see Majorca, 1229).
The Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes lays siege to Constantinople, but his erstwile ally Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria now sees him as a rival and declares war on him (see 1230; 1237).
Mongol forces capture a key town in northern China and next year will annex what remains of the Qin empire in that region, despite Qin efforts to resist them with explosive bombs (see 1233). They exact large tributes from the Song (Sung) dynasty government at Hangzhou (Hangchow) (see 1117; 1237).
Malinke tribesmen led by Sundiata Keita defeat Sosso forces at Kirina and gain freedom from Sosso's king Samanguru Kante. Sundiata Keita begins expanding his Mali kingdom, taking over parts of Ghana (see 1240).
Surgeons at the school of medicine in Salerno supported by Friederich II dissect human bodies for the first time since the Ptolemic enlightenment of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. (see
The Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II employs Michael Scot to translate the writings of Aristotle from Greek into Latin.
Poetry: New Imperial Collection (Shin chokusenshu) is the ninth imperial Japanese anthology of poetry. It has been compiled solely by Sadaie (Teika) Fujiwara, who was assigned to the task 3 years ago by the former emperor Toba; now 73, Fujiwara has become in his later years more distinguished as a critic, editor, and scholar than for his own poetry.
The Statute of Merton entitles an English lord to appropriate all of the commons as long as he leaves enough grazing for any freeholders who pasture their livestock there (see enclosure, 1351).
London has a famine so severe that 20,000 people die, while some are reduced to eating tree bark in order to survive.
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