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1235

 

1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240

Contents:

political events
medicine
literature
agriculture
food availability

political events

Hungary's András II dies after a 30-year reign in which he has lost vast territories. His 29-year-old son will reign until 1270 as Belá IV and will try to recoup the losses sustained by András, despite ruinous invasions from Mongols (see 1241) and treacherous rivalry on the part of his own son, Stephen (see 1262).

The Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II of Hohenstaufen marries Isabella, the sister of England's Henry III.

Aragon's Jaime I gains Ibiza in the Balearic Islands through the conquest by the bishop of Saragossa (see Majorca, 1229).

The Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes lays siege to Constantinople, but his erstwile ally Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria now sees him as a rival and declares war on him (see 1230; 1237).

Mongol forces capture a key town in northern China and next year will annex what remains of the Qin empire in that region, despite Qin efforts to resist them with explosive bombs (see 1233). They exact large tributes from the Song (Sung) dynasty government at Hangzhou (Hangchow) (see 1117; 1237).

Malinke tribesmen led by Sundiata Keita defeat Sosso forces at Kirina and gain freedom from Sosso's king Samanguru Kante. Sundiata Keita begins expanding his Mali kingdom, taking over parts of Ghana (see 1240).

medicine

Surgeons at the school of medicine in Salerno supported by Friederich II dissect human bodies for the first time since the Ptolemic enlightenment of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. (see 1163; 1231).

literature

The Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II employs Michael Scot to translate the writings of Aristotle from Greek into Latin.

Poetry: New Imperial Collection (Shin chokusenshu) is the ninth imperial Japanese anthology of poetry. It has been compiled solely by Sadaie (Teika) Fujiwara, who was assigned to the task 3 years ago by the former emperor Toba; now 73, Fujiwara has become in his later years more distinguished as a critic, editor, and scholar than for his own poetry.

agriculture

The Statute of Merton entitles an English lord to appropriate all of the commons as long as he leaves enough grazing for any freeholders who pasture their livestock there (see enclosure, 1351).

food availability

London has a famine so severe that 20,000 people die, while some are reduced to eating tree bark in order to survive.

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Sci & Tech Chronology: In the year 1235
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Tools

A 33-page manuscript by Villard de Honnecourt contains descriptions of a variety of machines, including a hydraulic sawing machine with automatic advance of the work piece; the manuscript also contains a description of a perpetual motion machine. See also 1150 Physics.


Wikipedia: 1235
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Years:
1232 1233 1234 – 1235 – 1236 1237 1238
Decades:
1200s 1210s 1220s1230s1240s 1250s 1260s
Centuries:
12th century13th century14th century
1235 by topic
Politics
State leaders – Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
BirthsDeaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1235 in poetry
1235 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1235
MCCXXXV
Ab urbe condita 1988
Armenian calendar 684
ԹՎ ՈՁԴ
Bahá'í calendar -609 – -608
Berber calendar 2185
Buddhist calendar 1779
Burmese calendar 597
Byzantine calendar 6743 – 6744
Chinese calendar 甲午年十二月十一日
(3871/3931-12-11)
— to —
乙未年十一月二十日
(3872/3932-11-20)
Coptic calendar 951 – 952
Ethiopian calendar 1227 – 1228
Hebrew calendar 4995 – 4996
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1290 – 1291
 - Shaka Samvat 1157 – 1158
 - Kali Yuga 4336 – 4337
Holocene calendar 11235
Iranian calendar 613 – 614
Islamic calendar 632 – 633
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar 3568
Thai solar calendar 1778

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Copyrights:

World Chronology. People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Sci & Tech Chronology. History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "1235" Read more