1239

1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240

political events

Pope Gregory IX excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II for a second time March 20, calling him a rake, a heretic, and the anti-Christ. The fourth grand master of the Teutonic Knights Hermann von Salza retired to Salerno last year and dies there March 20 at age 59; his death ends all communications between Friedrich and the pope (see religion, 1237; 1241).

England's Henry III comes under attack from his 30-year-old brother Richard, earl of Cornwall, who has led a baronial protest against the marriage of Henry's sister Eleanor to Simon de Montfort, now earl of Leicester. The king drives Leicester and his wife out of England in August, but Leicester and Cornwall will soon become reconciled (see crusade, 1240).

Portugal's Sancho II takes Tavira and Cacela from the Moors, extending Portuguese sovereignty over much of the Algarve.

A childless count of Mâcon sells his domains to France's Louis IX, who has gained fiefs in Languedoc through the destruction of that region's petty nobility during the Albigensian Crusade.

1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240

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Years: 1236 1237 1238 – 1239 – 1240 1241 1242

Decades: 1200s 1210s 1220s – 1230s – 1240s 1250s 1260s

Centuries: 12th century – 13th century – 14th century

1239 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

Art and literature

1239 in poetry v • d • e

1239 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1239 MCCXXXIX
Ab urbe condita	1992
Armenian calendar	688 ԹՎ ՈՁԸ
Bahá'í calendar	-605 – -604
Berber calendar	2189
Buddhist calendar	1783
Burmese calendar	601
Byzantine calendar	6747 – 6748
Chinese calendar	戊戌年十一月廿五日 (3875/3935-11-25) — to — 己亥年十二月初五日 (3876/3936-12-5)
Coptic calendar	955 – 956
Ethiopian calendar	1231 – 1232
Hebrew calendar	4999 – 5000
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1294 – 1295
- Shaka Samvat	1161 – 1162
- Kali Yuga	4340 – 4341
Holocene calendar	11239
Iranian calendar	617 – 618
Islamic calendar	636 – 637
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3572
Thai solar calendar	1782
v • d • e

Events

• 20 March – Pope Gregory IX excommunicates Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor conducts the Siege of Faenza.
• The main tower of Lincoln Cathedral collapses.
• Mongol invasion of Rus is in progress.

Births

• June 17 – King Edward I of England (d. 1307)
• December 17 – Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (d. 1256)
• Peter III of Aragon (d. 1285)
• John II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1305)
• Ippen, Japanese monk (d. 1289)

Deaths

• March 3 – Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
• March 20 – Hermann von Salza, fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
• March 28 – Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (b. 1180)
• Cormac mac Art O Melaghlain, King of Meath

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