1249
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1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250
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Sweden's regent Birger Jarl leads an expedition to Finland, builds a fortress at Tavastehus to confirm his country's hold on southwest Finland, and establishes the foundation of an overseas empire.
Scotland's Alexander II dies at Kerrera July 8 at age 51 while en route to subdue the Western Isles, whose inhabitants are dependent on Norway. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son, who will reign until 1285 as Alexander III.
The Hague becomes the seat of Dutch government as Count Willem II of the Netherlands builds a castle in the town.
Bolognese forces defeat and capture Sardinia's titular king, Enzio, 24, an illegitimate son of the former Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II. They will hold him in a dungeon until his death in 1272.
The Seventh Crusade leaves Cyprus in May with 120 large vessels and many smaller ones (see 1248). Led by France's Louis IX, the crusaders take Damietta in June without a blow; joined by the king's third brother Alphonse de Poitiers, they march on Cairo but are halted before Mansura. Egypt's Ayyubid sultan Malik as-Salih Najm al-din dies and is succeeded by his son, who will reign only briefly (see 1250).
Raymond VII, comte de Toulouse, dies at Milan September 27 at age 52. His son-in-law Alphonse de Poitiers inherits the countship, which will be annexed to the French crown following Alphonse's death in 1271.
Scientist Roger Bacon, 35, makes the first known European reference to gunpowder in a letter written at Oxford. The English Franciscan writes 12 years after the Mongol invasions and knows how to make the powder.
Roger Bacon fights to make science part of the curriculum at Oxford colleges, holding that it is complementary to religion, not opposed to it.
Oxford's University College is founded (see 1167; Balliol, 1261).
1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250
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This article is about the year 1249.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1210s 1220s 1230s – 1240s – 1250s 1260s 1270s |
| Years: | 1246 1247 1248 – 1249 – 1250 1251 1252 |
| 1249 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1249 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2002 |
| Armenian calendar | 698 ԹՎ ՈՂԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5999 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -595–-594 |
| Bengali calendar | 656 |
| Berber calendar | 2199 |
| English Regnal year | 33 Hen. 3 – 34 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1793 |
| Burmese calendar | 611 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6757–6758 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊申年十二月十六日 (3885/3945-12-16) — to —
己酉年十一月廿六日(3886/3946-11-26) |
| Coptic calendar | 965–966 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1241–1242 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5009–5010 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1305–1306 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1171–1172 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4350–4351 |
| Holocene calendar | 11249 |
| Iranian calendar | 627–628 |
| Islamic calendar | 646–647 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
| Korean calendar | 3582 |
| Minguo calendar | 663 before ROC 民前663年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1792 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1249 |
Year 1249 (MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
- King Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.
Asia
- Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
- The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
- The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.
Europe
- February 16 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
- June 13 – coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
- August 15 – The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
- The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
- Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
- Alphonse of Toulouse orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
- The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.
Mediterranean
- May 26 – The Battle of Fossalta is fought between the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League. The Lombards capture the German commander.
- The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
- King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.[1]
- The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified and a palace is constructed there by William II Villehardouin.
By topic
Education
- University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money gifted from the estate of William of Durham.
Microhistory
- Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, has a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.
Science
- Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.
Births
- July 9 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
- Eric V of Denmark (d. 1286)
- Robert III of Flanders
- Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (d. 1268)
- Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford (d. 1297)
- Pope John XXII (d. 1334)
- Menachem Meiri, rabbi
Deaths
- July 6 – King Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198)
- July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 27 – Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197)
- As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt
- Abu Zakariya, ruler of the Maghreb (b. 1203)
- William of Sherwood, English logician (b. 1190)
- Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1178)
- Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (b. 1186)
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
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