1267

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1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270

Contents:

political events
exploration, colonization
commerce
science
literature

political events

The Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffudd signs a treaty recognizing the overlordship of England's Henry III, who authorizes him to receive homage from the other Welsh princes (see 1262; but see also1276).

Pope Clement IV excommunicates the German king Conradin in November for claiming sovereignty over Sicily, but Conradin's fleet gains a victory over that of Charles d'Anjou (see 1266; 1268).

exploration, colonization

Beijing (Peking) has its beginnings in the town of Khanbelig (or Khanbaliq) constructed by Kublai Khan (see 1260; 1271).

Cambridge, England, is chartered by Henry III (see education, 1231).

commerce

Members of London's goldsmith and tailor guilds fight each other in fierce street battles.

science

Roger Bacon describes principles of a camera obscura that can project pictures. He bases his optics (and other ideas) on what he has learned from writings by the early 11th century Arab philosopher Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who said that no mathematical theory or conjecture was necessary to realize that light starts outside the eye and reflects into it and that looking directly at the sun or some other bright object will burn the eye (see Porta, 1553).

literature

Nonfiction: Opus Majus by Roger Bacon, who describes the magnetic needle of a compass and reading glasses (see 1249). "Argument . . . does not remove doubt," he writes, "so that the mind may rest in the sure knowledge of the truth, unless it finds it by the method of experiment . . . For if any man who never saw fire proved by satisfactory arguments that fire burns . . . his hearer's mind would never be satisfied, nor would he avoid the fire until he put his hand in it . . . that he might learn by experiment what argument taught." The first truly modern scientist (he is known as "Dr. Mirabilis"), Bacon predicts radiology and predicts also the discovery of the Western Hemisphere, the steamship, the airplane, and television (see 1277; portolan chart, 1311).

1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270


Materials

In Opus majus, written in 1267 and 1268 but not published until 1733, Roger Bacon becomes the first European to mention gunpowder. The book also discusses spectacles for the farsighted See also 1280 Materials.


Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 12th century13th century14th century
Decades: 1230s  1240s  1250s  – 1260s –  1270s  1280s  1290s
Years: 1264 1265 126612671268 1269 1270
1267 by topic
Politics
State leaders – Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
BirthsDeaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1267 in poetry
1267 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1267
MCCLXVII
Ab urbe condita 2020
Armenian calendar 716
ԹՎ ՉԺԶ
Assyrian calendar 6017
Bahá'í calendar -577–-576
Bengali calendar 674
Berber calendar 2217
English Regnal year 51 Hen. 3 – 52 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar 1811
Burmese calendar 629
Byzantine calendar 6775–6776
Chinese calendar 丙寅年十二月初五日
(3903/3963-12-5)
— to —
丁卯年十二月十五日
(3904/3964-12-15)
Coptic calendar 983–984
Ethiopian calendar 1259–1260
Hebrew calendar 5027–5028
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1323–1324
 - Shaka Samvat 1189–1190
 - Kali Yuga 4368–4369
Holocene calendar 11267
Iranian calendar 645–646
Islamic calendar 665–666
Japanese calendar
Julian calendar 1267    MCCLXVII
Korean calendar 3600
Minguo calendar 645 before ROC
民前645年
Thai solar calendar 1810


Year 1267 (MCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By topic

War and politics

Culture

  • Roger Bacon completes his work Opus Majus and sends it to Pope Clement IV, who had requested it be written; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of mathematics, optics, alchemy, astronomy, astrology, and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glass. Bacon also completes Opus Minus, a summary of Opus Majus, later in the same year. The only source for his date of birth is his statement in the Opus Tertium, written in 1267, that "forty years have passed since I first learned the alphabet". The 1214 birth date assumes he was not being literal, and meant 40 years had passed since he matriculated at Oxford at the age of 13. If he had been literal, his birth date was more likely to have been around 1220.
  • The leadership of Vienna forces Jews to wear Pileum cornutum,a cone-shaped head dress, in addition to the yellow badges Jews are already forced to wear.
  • In England, the Statute of Marlborough is passed, the oldest English law still (partially) in force.

By place

Asia and Africa


Births

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References


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Bacon, Roger (English friar)
Heilige Hedwig (person)
Khanbalik (ancient city of Mongol China)
Giotto (Florentine painter)
Karakorum (ancient Mongol city in central Mongolia)