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Contents: political eventsscience religion |
England's Edward I invades North Wales (Gwynedd), blocks all the avenues to Snowdon, and forces the surrender of Llywelyn ap Gruffyd for lack of supplies (see 1276). Edward reduces the Welsh prince to the status of a petty chieftain and will devote the next 5 years to establishing English government in the districts ceded by Llywelyn (see 1282).
Rügen's prince Witzlaff II sells Schlawe Castle and its lands for 3,000 silver marks to Brandenburg's margraves Konrad, Otto, and Johann (see 1269); included is the Pomeranian town of Rügenwalde (see 1309).
The Visconti family that will rule Milan until 1447 gains control in the person of the city's archbishop Ottone Visconti, 70, who defeats the rival Della Torre family and receives recognition as lord of the city (see 1287).
Bulgaria's Constantine Asen dies at the hands of a peasant usurper after a 19-year reign as czar in which he has fought the Hungarians and the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. The Asen dynasty that has ruled since late in the last century is extinguished and Bulgarians will be subject to Serbian, Greek, and Mongol overlords.
The Battle of Ngasaunggyan ends in victory for Kublai Khan's Mongol forces over the Burmese king Narathihapate, who has reigned since 1254, rebuffing a Mongol embassy and having a second embassy massacred. Narathihapate has conquered territory up to Nanchao and advanced into Yunnan with scores of elephants to support his troops, but Mongol troops rout the Burmese (see 1283).
English authorities imprison Roger Bacon for heresy. He will remain incarcerated until 1292.
The Bishop of Paris condemns the Tractatus of Andreas (see 1194), calling it an instrument of heresy and social disorder.
Pope John XXI is crushed to death at Viterbo May 20 when the ceiling of the papal palace collapses. Having reigned for 8 months, he is succeeded November 25 by the Rome-born Giovanni Gaetano Cardinal Orsini, 52, who will reign until 1280 as Nicholas III.
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