1303

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1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310

Contents:

political events
commerce
religion

political events

France's Philippe IV sends Guillaume de Nogaret to seize Pope Boniface VIII and fetch him back to France to face trial by a general council. On the "Terrible Day at Anagni" September 8, Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna gain entrance to the papal apartment, find Boniface in bed, and take him prisoner after threatening to kill him. Nogaret and Colonna are forced to flee, but Boniface is taken to Rome and confined by the Orsini family in the Vatican, where he dies humiliated in October at age 68 (approximate).

The French return Gascony in southern France to England's Edward I (see 1297; but see also1337).

The Byzantine emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus and his co-emperor son Michael IX employ the Grand Catalan Company as mercenaries. Headed by the Sicilian-born military adventurer and former Knight Templar Roger di Flor, 22, the 6,500 almogávares (Spanish mercenaries) have previously served Sicily's Aragonese king Frederick III in his war with the House of Anjou, but they are an unruly lot and begin attacking Byzantines as well as Turks (see 1305).

Delhi's second Khalji sultan Ala-ud-Din (Juna Khan) captures Chitor as he expands his realm (see 1301). He will conquer Mandu in 1305 and annex the rich Hindu kingdom of Devagiri (see 1308).

commerce

The merchant's charter (carte mercatoria) granted by England's Edward I allows foreign merchants free entry with their goods and free departure with goods they have bought or have failed to sell (with the exception of wine, which is too much in demand to be allowed to leave the country). English merchants and certain towns will force some modifications on Edward's policy, which will otherwise endure for nearly 2 centuries.

Florentine banker Filippo di Amedeo de Peruzzi dies bankrupt, having been exiled from Florence by France's Philippe IV. His family has underwritten business ventures throughout Europe; loaned enormous sums of money to monarchs and popes; purchased jewelry, silk, spices, and wool wholesale; and opened branches at Naples, Paris, and London. But the default of their loan to England's Edward I has ruined them, and Philippe has confiscated their goods.

religion

Treviso-born Cistercian prelate Niccolo Boccazini is elected October 22 to succeed the late Pope Boniface VIII and will reign until next year as Benedict XI.

1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310


Mathematics

The first record of what is known today as Pascal's triangle is published by the great Chinese algebraist Chu Shih-Chieh (a.k.a. Zhu Shie-jie) [b. c. 1270, d. c. 1330], although it is believed that he obtained it from the Arabs, who discovered the triangle of number relationships in the eleventh century. See also 1527 Mathematics.


Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 13th century14th century15th century
Decades: 1270s  1280s  1290s  – 1300s –  1310s  1320s  1330s
Years: 1300 1301 130213031304 1305 1306
1303 by topic
Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
Births - Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments - Disestablishments
Art and literature
1303 in poetry
1303 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1303
MCCCIII
Ab urbe condita 2056
Armenian calendar 752
ԹՎ ՉԾԲ
Assyrian calendar 6053
Bahá'í calendar -541–-540
Bengali calendar 710
Berber calendar 2253
English Regnal year 31 Edw. 1 – 32 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar 1847
Burmese calendar 665
Byzantine calendar 6811–6812
Chinese calendar 壬寅年十二月十三日
(3939/3999-12-13)
— to —
癸卯年十一月廿三日
(3940/4000-11-23)
Coptic calendar 1019–1020
Ethiopian calendar 1295–1296
Hebrew calendar 5063–5064
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1359–1360
 - Shaka Samvat 1225–1226
 - Kali Yuga 4404–4405
Holocene calendar 11303
Iranian calendar 681–682
Islamic calendar 702–703
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar 3636
Minguo calendar 609 before ROC
民前609年
Thai solar calendar 1846


Year 1303 (MCCCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–December

Date unknown


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References


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Boniface VIII (Pope)
Hanau (city of central Germany on the Main River)
1301 (chronology)
Chu Shih-chieh (Chinese mathematician)