1312
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Contents: political eventsexploration, colonization food and drink |
English barons capture the Gascon knight Piers Gaveston, favorite of England's Edward II, have him executed, and force Edward to stand aside, permitting 21 lords ordainers to govern the country under a series of ordinances drawn up last year. A baronial committee, the lords ordainer have sought to restrict the king's powers of appointment and other prerogatives.
Lyons is incorporated into France under terms of the Treaty of Vienne.
The Mongol leader Uzbek (Ghiyath al-din Muhammad Oz Beg) becomes head of the Golden Horde, beginning a reign that will continue until 1341. A convert to Islam, he will bring the Kipchak empire of southern Russia to its greatest heights, welcoming Christian missionaries from western Europe and encouraging the Muscovite princes among his Christian subjects.
Genoese mariners rediscover the Canary Islands (see Portuguese conquest, 1425).
The Pepperers Guild and other London guilds receive permission to appoint a Weigher of the King's Beam—the peso grosso—that is used only for groceries sold by averium ponderis, or avoirdupois. The guild dates to before 1180; its members buy in gross (see 1328).
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