1737

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Astronomy

On May 28 John Bevis, at Greenwich Observatory, observes the passage of Venus directly between Earth and Mercury, known as the occultation of Mercury by Venus.

Carolus Linnaeus's Genera plantorum explains his method of systematic botany and classifies 18,000 species of plants. See also 1789 Biology.

Hermann Boerhaave prints Jan Swammerdam's Biblia naturae ("Bible of nature"), written from 1676 through 1679. It contains Swammerdam's reports on the dissection of insects under a microscope, which formed Historia insectorum generalis ("general history of insects") in 1669, as well as much new material from research in the 1670s. Although Biblia naturae was not published during Swammerdam's lifetime -- he will die in 1680 -- much of the content had become well known to European biologists from letters and manuscript copies. See also 1775 Biology.

Göttingen University is founded.

Pierre Simon Fournier [b. Paris, September 15, 1712, d. Paris, October 8, 1768] introduces the point system for measuring type sizes. See also 1764 Communication.

Bernard Forest de Bélidor publishes the first volume of his four-volume Architecture hydraulique ou l'art de conduire, d'élever et de ménager les eaux pour les besoins de la vie ("hydraulic architecture, or the art of moving, lifting, and managing water for life's needs"), a manual that will influence building design and practice for more than a century. It is the first book to apply the integral calculus to practical construction problems. The set will be completed in 1753.

Euler proves that the number e, known as the base for the natural logarithms, and its square are both irrational; that is, they cannot be represented by finite or repeating decimals. See also 1768 Mathematics.

Pieter van Musschenbroeck publishes Essai de physique ("essay on physics"), one of the first books of the era using the term "physics" instead of natural or experimental philosophy. The term physics, however, goes back at least to Aristotle.

Nonfiction

• John Brickell (c. 1710-c. 1745): The Natural History of North-Carolina. Most of this work by the North Carolina physician and scientist concerns agricultural information and mimics the form of colonial promotional literature, giving a geographical overview, a history of the government and legal system, and a breakdown of the population. However, the final part of the book deals with "An Account of the Indians of North Carolina." The book, like many travel and geographic works of this time, is largely plagiarized from other sources. It appears to be mainly drawn from John Lawson's A New Voyage to Carolina (1709).
• John Mercer (1704-1768): An Exact Abridgment of the Public Acts of the Assembly of Virginia. The value of this work by the Irish-born Virginian political and legal theorist is instantly realized by every justice in the country. Modeled on the Abridgment of English Statutes by Edmund Wingate (1596-1656), it is the first comprehensive compilation of legal statutes in the colonies. Mercer lists legal acts alphabetically, giving the year, the chapters, and the pages of the laws, making this reference very useful. He includes laws, punishments, and fines in place for public and private acts. Additional material would appear in 1739 and 1759, when the book is reissued as A Continuation of the Abridgment and An Exact Abridgment.

Poetry, Fiction, and Drama

• William Dawson: Poems on Several Occasions. One of the earliest publications from a southern poet and the first volume of poetry published in Virginia. The collection shows Dawson's familiarity with contemporary and classical poetry.

Sermons and Religious Writing

• John Barnard: "A Call to Parents." A sermon calling for the accountability of parents in the religious upbringing of their children. Reason, wisdom, and good sense are cited as the basis for leading children to God. While Barnard's writing does not explicitly criticize the revivalists, his subject matter and ideology show that he stands opposed to many of the trends that would culminate in the Great Awakening.

This article is about the year 1737.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century – 18th century – 19th century
Decades:	1700s  1710s  1720s  – 1730s –  1740s  1750s  1760s
Years:	1734 1735 1736 – 1737 – 1738 1739 1740

1737 by topic:

Arts and Sciences

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Countries

Canada – Great Britain –

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

v d e

1737 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1737 MDCCXXXVII
Ab urbe condita	2490
Armenian calendar	1186 ԹՎ ՌՃՁԶ
Assyrian calendar	6487
Bahá'í calendar	-107–-106
Bengali calendar	1144
Berber calendar	2687
British Regnal year	10 Geo. 2 – 11 Geo. 2
Buddhist calendar	2281
Burmese calendar	1099
Byzantine calendar	7245–7246
Chinese calendar	丙辰年十二月初一日 (4373/4433-12-1) — to — 丁巳年十一月十一日 (4374/4434-11-11)
Coptic calendar	1453–1454
Ethiopian calendar	1729–1730
Hebrew calendar	5497–5498
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1793–1794
- Shaka Samvat	1659–1660
- Kali Yuga	4838–4839
Holocene calendar	11737
Iranian calendar	1115–1116
Islamic calendar	1149–1150
Japanese calendar	Genbun 2 (元文2年)
Korean calendar	4070
Minguo calendar	175 before ROC 民前175年
Thai solar calendar	2280
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Year 1737 (MDCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• May 28 – The planet Venus passes in front of Mercury. The event is witnessed during the evening hours by the amateur astronomer John Bevis at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. As of 2006, it is still the only such planet/planet occultation that has been directly observed.
• June 21 – In Britain the Theatrical Licensing Act requires plays to be submitted to the Lord Chamberlain for censorship.
• June 30 – Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces under Field Marshal Munnich storm the Ottoman fortress of Ochakov and take prisoner 4,000 Turks.

July–December

• July – Austria enters the Russo-Turkish War.
• September 20 – Runner Edward Marshall completes his journey in the Walking Purchase, forcing the cession of 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km²) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
• October – The first national stage in Sweden opens when the play Den Svenska Sprätthöken is performed in the native language, by the first native actors, on the stage of Bollhuset in Stockholm.
• October 7 – A tropical cyclone strikes Bengal, India killing approximately 300,000.
• October 16 – An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.3 occurs off the shore of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula. Tsunamis up to 60m (200 ft) high followed in the Pacific ocean.^[1]
• November 4 – The Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy.

Date unknown

• Benjamin Franklin creates the Philadelphia Police Force – the first city-paid force.
• The Georg August University of Göttingen is founded.
• The direct male line of the Medici family becomes extinct with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
• Richmond, Virginia is founded.
• Our Lady of Guadalupe is designated the patron saint of Mexico City.
• The oldest existing English language newspaper in the world, The (Belfast) News Letter, is founded in Ireland.
• Lancaster County Prison, Lancaster, Pennsylvania is first constructed in response to the seven violent years preceding of the ongoing Cresap's War in the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute and war.

Births

• January 12 – John Hancock, American statesman and revolutionary (d. 1793)
• January 29 – Thomas Paine, British-born American patriot and pamphleteer (d. 1809)
• April 27 – Edward Gibbon, English historian (d. 1794)
• May 2 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1805)
• June 20 – Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shogun (d. 1786)
• August 5 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician (d. 1772)
• August 29 – John Hunter, second governor of New South Wales (d. 1821)
• September 9 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
• September 14 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
• September 15 – Miklós Küzmics, Hungarian Slovenes writer, Catholic priest (d. 1804)
• September 19 – Charles Carroll of Carrollton, only Roman Catholic signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1832)
• December 26 – Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (d. 1815)
• date unknown – Frances Abington, English actress (d. 1815)

Deaths

• January 17 – Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect (b. 1662)
• January 24 – William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1657)
• January 29 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (b. 1666)
• February 14 – Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
• March 16 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University (b. 1670)
• May 4 – Eustace Budgell, English writer (b. 1686)
• May 10 – Emperor Nakamikado of Japan (b. 1702)
• July 9 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
• September 7 – John Hickman, convicted forger (b. 1693)
• September 27 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (b. 1680)
• November 20 – Caroline of Ansbach, queen of George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
• December 11 – John Strype, English historian and biographer (b. 1643)
• December 18 – Antonio Stradivari, Italian luthier (b. 1644)
• December 19 – James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (b. 1667)
• December 27 – William Bowyer, English printer (b. 1663)

References

1. ^ Tsunami: Where they Happen and Why- Fathom

• The Annual Catalogue – List of History, Divinity, Law, Poetry, Plays, Novels, Painting, Architecture, and all other Sciences books published in London in 1737

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