1830s

The 1830s decade ran from January 1, 1830 to December 31, 1839.

Politics and wars

Wars

• The First Opium War between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire of China started in 1839. It would end three years later with the signing of the Treaty of Nanking on 29 August 1842.

Internal conflicts

French Revolution of 1830

• French Revolution of 1830
• Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria.
• The stealthy murderers called "thugs" are eradicated by William Sleeman and his team in British India.
• Texas Revolution begins in Texas.

Decolonization and Independence

• The Brussels Parliament declares Belgian independence, in revolt against the Dutch government.
• The various Maori chieftains of Northland region of North Island proclaim their independence as the United Tribes of New Zealand, under the guidance of James Bubsby. The British Crown immediately recognizes their claim.

Assassinations

This section requires expansion.

• The first assassination attempt on an American President with Andrew Jackson being shot at twice.

Science and Technology

Robert's Quartet

• Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday.
• Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States.
• Robert's Quartet, a group of galaxies, is discovered.
• Evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin's expedition on the HMS Beagle.

Economics

• A period of economic prosperity in America and Europe, mainly due to increasing trade, the mass production of railroads, and the Erie Canal.
• Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony.
• The destruction of the Second Bank of the United States in 1836.

Popular culture

This section requires expansion.

Literature

• Charles Dickens publishes his first novel The Pickwick Papers followed by Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby

Religion

• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints founded by Joseph Smith.

Music

• Richard Wagner completes his first opera, Die Feen (The Fairies).

Sports

• Croquet invented in Ireland.

Fashion

• Innovations in roller printing on textiles introduced new dress fabrics.
• Broad, exaggerated sleeves for women and padded shoulders for men contrasted a narrow, idealized waist.
• Brocades come back into style.
• Low boots with elastic insets appear.
• Greatcoats, overcoats with wide sleeves, become fashionable for men to wear with day wear.

People

World leaders

• Emperor Daoguang (道光帝) (China)
• Emperor Francis II (Austria)
• Emperor Ferdinand I (Austria)
• Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)
• King Louis-Philippe (July Monarchy France)
• Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
• Pope Gregory XVI
• Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)
• King Ferdinand VII (Spain)
• King Charles XIV John (Sweden)
• King William IV (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
• Queen Victoria (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
• Prime Minister Lord Grey (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
• Prime Minister Lord Melbourne (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
• President Andrew Jackson (United States)
• President Martin Van Buren (United States)
• President Sam Houston (Republic of Texas)
• President Mirabeau B. Lamar (Republic of Texas)
• Shahs of Persia (Qajar dynasty)

1. Fath Ali Shah, 1797–1834
2. Mohammad Shah Qajar, 1834–1848

• Mughal Empire

1. Akbar II 1806–1837
2. Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837–1858

External links

• The Aftermath of the Rebellions — The Rebellions of 1837–1838 : the most dramatic political event in Canadian history