 top left) The Model T Ford is introduced and becomes widespread, (top center) The sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic causes the deaths of nearly 1,500 people and attracts global and historical attention, (top right) George V of the United Kingdom becomes king, (middle left) Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated, triggering World War I, (middle last three) Birth of a Nation introduces the film industry into the world and America, (bottom left) World War I last for four years (1914–1918), leading to millions dead, (bottom center) The October Revolution in Russia turns the country to communism, (bottom right) The 1918 flu pandemic kills tens of millions worldwide. |
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1880s 1890s 1900s – 1910s – 1920s 1930s 1940s |
| Years: | 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
The 1910s decade ran from January 1, 1910, through December 31, 1919.
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Events and trends
The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the nineteenth century. The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy of military alliances, was forever changed by the assassination, on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The murder triggered a chain of events in which, within 30 days, World War I broke out in Europe. The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 10, 1918, leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on the June 28, 1919.
The war's end triggered the abdication of aging monarchies and the collapse of the last modern empires of Germany, the Ottomans and Austria-Hungary, with the latter splintered into Austria, Hungary, southern Poland (who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia), Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia. However, each of these states (with the possible exception of Yugoslavia) had large German and Hungarian minorities, there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades. (See Dissolution of Austro-Hungrarian Empire: Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter.)
The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries. Mexico spear-headed the trend in November 1910, which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz, developing into a civil war that dragged on until mid-1920, not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified. Russia also had a similar fate, since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos. This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism, which was later renamed as communism. Like the Mexican Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917, known as the October Revolution, immediately turned to civil war that dragged until approximately late 1920.
Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed. Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors. Prohibition in the United States began January 16, 1919, with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution.
Major events
- The "unsinkable" ocean liner RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg in the North Atlantic in 1912, and sinks on its maiden voyage.
- The Panama Canal is completed 1914
- World War I from 1914 until 1918 dominates the Western world.
- Armenian Genocide during and just after World War I. It was characterised by the use of massacres, and the use of deportations involving forced marches under conditions designed to lead to the death of the deportees, with the total number of Armenian deaths generally held to have been between one and one-and-a-half million.[1][2][3]
- 1916 Olympic Games cancelled because of World War I
- The Russian Revolution (1917) is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
- October Revolution political upheaval in Russia culminating in Communist takeover of the country.
- From 1918 through 1920 the Spanish flu killed 20 to 100 million people worldwide.
Technology
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Science
- Einstein's theory of general relativity
- Max von Laue discovers the diffraction of x-rays by crystals
- Alfred Wegener puts forward his theory of continental drift
War, peace, and politics
- On 20 November 1910, the Mexican Revolution leads to the ouster of Porfirio Díaz (who ruled from 1876 to 1880 and since 1884) six months later. The Revolution progressively becomes a civil war with multiple factions and phases, culminating with the Mexican Constitution of 1917, but combat would persist for three more years.
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to World War I
- October Revolution in Russia leads to the first Communist government; assassination of Emperor Nicholas II and the royal family
- Several nations in Eastern Europe get their own nation state, thereby replacing major multiethnic empires.
- Easter Rising against the British in Ireland; eventually leads to Irish independence
- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in India sows the seeds of discontent and leads to the birth of the Indian Independence Movement.
- Xinhai Revolution causes the overthrow of China's ruling Qing Dynasty, and the establishment of the Republic of China.
- George V becomes king in Britain.
- The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente are started.
- The First World War (1914–1918).
- Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles after losing the first world war.
- Germany abolishes its monarchy and becomes under the rule of a new elected government called the Weimar Republic.
Culture and religion
- Radio programming becomes popular
- Flying Squadron of America promotes temperance movement in the U.S.
- Edith Smith Davis edits the Temperance Educational Quarterly.
- The first U.S. feature film, Oliver Twist, was released in 1912
- The first gangster movie, D. W. Griffith's The Musketeers of Pig Alley was released in 1912
- Hollywood replaces the East Coast as the center of the movie industry
- Charlie Chaplin débuts his trademark mustached, baggy-pants 'Little Tramp' character in Kid Auto Races At Venice in 1914
- The first African-American owned studio, The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, was founded in 1917
- The four Warner brothers, Jack, Albert, Harry and Samuel, opened their first West Coast studio in 1918
- First Crossword Puzzle
- Jazz music begins to become popular
- The Salvation Army has a new international leader, General Bramwell Booth who served from 1912 to 1929. He replaces his father and co-founder of the Christian Mission (the forerunner of the Salvation Army), William Booth.
Literature and arts
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Visual Arts
The 1913 Armory Show in New York City was a seminal event in the history of Modern Art. Innovative contemporaneous artists from Europe and the United States exhibited together in a massive group exhibition in New York City, and Chicago.
Art movements
Other movements and techniques
Influential artists
Sports
Baseball
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Olympics
Boxing
World leaders
Entertainers
References
- ^ Dictionary of Genocide, by Samuel Totten, Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008, ISBN 0313346429, p. 19
- ^ Intolerance: a general survey, by Lise Noël, Arnold Bennett, 1994, ISBN 0773511873, p. 101
- ^ Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, by Richard T. Schaefer, 2008, p. 90
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