| 3rd United States Congress | |||
 Congress Hall (2007) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 | |||
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| President of the Senate: | John Adams | ||
| President pro tempore: | John Langdon Ralph Izard Henry Tazewell |
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| Speaker of the House: | Frederick Muhlenberg | ||
| Members: | 30 (with 0-3 vacancies) Senators 105 (with 0-4 vacancies) Representatives 1 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Pro-Administration | ||
| House Majority: | Anti-Administration | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: March 4, 1793 – March 4, 1793 1st: December 2, 1793 – June 9, 1794 2nd: November 3, 1794 – March 3, 1795 |
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The Third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793 to March 3, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's Presidency.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.
Contents |
Major events
- April 22, 1793 — George Washington signed the Neutrality Proclamation
- March 14, 1794 — Eli Whitney was granted a patent for the cotton gin
- March 27, 1794 — The federal government authorized the construction of the original six frigates of the United States Navy
- August 7, 1794 — Whiskey Rebellion began: Farmers in the Monongahela Valley of Pennsylvania rebelled against the federal tax on liquor and distilled drinks.
- August 20, 1794 — Battle of Fallen Timbers — American troops forced a confederacy of Shawnee Mingo Delaware Wyandot Miami Ottawa Chippewa and Pottawatomie warriors into a disorganized retreat.
- November 19, 1794 — The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain signed the Jay Treaty, which attempted to clear up some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War
Major legislation
- March 27, 1794 — Naval Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 12, 1 Stat. 350
- January 29, 1795 — Naturalization Act of 1795, Sess. 2, ch. 20, 1 Stat. 414
Constitutional amendments
- March 4, 1794 — The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. 1 Stat. 402
- February 7, 1795 — The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the states, clarifying judicial power over foreign nationals, and limiting the ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law.
Party summary
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-Administration | Anti-Administration | Vacant | ||
| Begin (March 4, 1793) | 16 | 13 | 29 | 1 |
| July 23, 1793 | 15 | 28 | 2 | |
| September 18, 1793 | 14 | 27 | 3 | |
| December 2, 1793 | 15 | 14 | 29 | 1 |
| February 7, 1795 | 16 | 30 | 0 | |
| February 28, 1794 | 13 | 29 | 1 | |
| April 24, 1794 | 17 | 30 | 0 | |
| May 11, 1794 | 11 | 28 | 2 | |
| November 18, 1794 | 13 | 30 | 0 | |
| Latest voting share | 56.7% | 43.3% | ||
House of Representatives
| Affiliation | Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-Administration | Anti-Administration | Vacant | ||
| Begin (March 4, 1793) | 50 | 55 | 105 | 0 |
| February 14, 1794 | 51 | 54 | ||
| April 13, 1794 | 53 | 104 | 1 | |
| September 15, 1794 | 50 | 103 | 2 | |
| October 6, 1794 | 52 | 102 | 3 | |
| November 8, 1794 | 49 | 101 | 4 | |
| November 11, 1794 | 53 | 102 | 3 | |
| January 2, 1795 | 50 | 103 | 2 | |
| January 29, 1795 | 54 | 104 | 1 | |
| February 7, 1795 | 49 | 103 | 2 | |
| February 9, 1795 | 50 | 104 | 1 | |
| Latest voting share | 47.6% | 52.4% | ||
| Non-voting members | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: John Adams, (P)
- President pro tempore:
- John Langdon, (P), first elected March 4, 1793
- Ralph Izard, (P), first elected May 31, 1794
- Henry Tazewell, (P), first elected February 20, 1795
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1796; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1798; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1794.
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Kentucky
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
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New York
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Vermont
Virginia
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress
Senate
There were 1 death, 3 resignations, 1 late election, and 1 contested election.
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania class 1 |
Vacant | Pennsylvania failed to elect a new Senator on time. | Albert Gallatin (A) | Elected December 2, 1793 |
| Connecticut class 3 |
Roger Sherman (P) | Died July 23, 1793 | Stephen M. Mitchell (P) | Elected December 2, 1793 |
| Delaware class 1 |
George Read (P) | Resigned on September 18, 1793. Kensey Johns was appointed on March 19, 1794, but not permitted to qualify. | Henry Latimer (P) | Appointed February 7, 1795 |
| Pennsylvania class 1 |
Albert Gallatin (A) | Credentials were contested and the seat was declared vacant February 28, 1794 | James Ross (P) | Elected April 24, 1794 |
| Virginia class 1 |
James Monroe (A) | Resigned May 11, 1794, to become United States Minister to France | Stevens T. Mason (A) | Elected November 18, 1794 |
| Virginia class 2 |
John Taylor (A) | Resigned May 11, 1794 | Henry Tazewell (A) | Elected November 18, 1794 |
House of Representatives
There were 2 deaths, 3 resignations, and 1 contested election.
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delaware at-large | John Patten (A) | Contested election; served until February 14, 1794 | Henry Latimer (P) | Seated February 14, 1794 |
| Territory South of the River Ohio | Vacant | Delegate seat established | James White Non-voting delegate | Elected September 3, 1794 |
| Maryland 2nd | John Francis Mercer (A) | Resigned April 13, 1794 | Gabriel Duvall (A) | Seated November 11, 1794 |
| New Jersey at-large | Abraham Clark (P) | Died September 15, 1794 | Aaron Kitchell (A) | Seated January 29, 1795 |
| South Carolina 3rd | Alexander Gillon (A) | Died October 6, 1794 | Robert Goodloe Harper (P) | Seated February 9, 1795 |
| Maryland 3rd | Uriah Forrest (P) | Resigned November 8, 1794 | Benjamin Edwards (P) | Seated January 2, 1795 |
| Delaware at-large | Henry Latimer (P) | Resigned February 7, 1795, having been elected U.S. Senator | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |
Employees
Senate
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts, elected April 8, 1789
- Doorkeeper: James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789
- Chaplain: William White, Episcopalian, elected December 9, 1790
House of Representatives
- Clerk: John Beckley of Virginia, elected December 2, 1793
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island, elected December 2, 1793
- Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley, elected December 2, 1793
- Chaplain: Ashbel Green, Presbyterian, elected December 2, 1793
Notes
- ^ Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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