It looks like Sparta was a city from around 900 BC or so until 192 BC.

11,00 bc

Well the country of Sparta no longer exist's but the capital still does, the country of Sparta was around until the year 1834 when a war between Sparta and Greece ended up with Sparta being absorbed by the rest of Greece

Sparta was founded around the 10th century BC and reached its peak in the 5th century BC. It eventually declined in the 4th century BC and was conquered by the Romans in 146 BC.

Sparta's king during the time around the Persian's second invasion of Greece was Leonidas. He was alive from about 540 BC to 480 BC.