| 93rd United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (2002) |
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| Duration: January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975 | |||
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| President of the Senate: | Spiro Agnew (until October 10, 1973) Gerald Ford (Dec 6, 1973 to Aug 9, 1974) Nelson Rockefeller (beginning on Dec 19, 1974) |
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| President pro tempore: | James Eastland | ||
| Speaker of the House: | Carl Albert | ||
| Members: | 100 Senators 435 Representatives |
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| Senate Majority: | Democratic Party | ||
| House Majority: | Democratic Party | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| 1st: January 3, 1973 – December 22, 1973 2nd: January 21, 1974 – December 20, 1974 |
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The Ninety-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1973 to January 3, 1975, during the end of Richard Nixon's presidency, and the beginning of Gerald Ford's. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- January 20, 1973: Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew inaugurated for their second term
- January 22, 1973: Supreme Court issued abortion decision, Roe v. Wade
- January 27, 1973: Paris Peace Accords signed
- October 10, 1973: Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned
- October 20, 1973: Saturday Night Massacre
- December 6, 1973: Vice President Gerald Ford inaugurated
- August 9, 1974: President Richard Nixon resigned. Gerald Ford became President of the United States
- November 5, 1974: United States midterm elections: Democrats increased their majorities in both houses
- December 19, 1974: Vice President Nelson Rockefeller inaugurated
Hearings
- May 17, 1973: Watergate hearings began (Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities)
- May 9, 1974: Hearing on the Impeachment of President Nixon began (House of Representatives Judiciary Committee)
Major legislation
- 1973-08-13: Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, Pub.L. 93-87, title I, 87 Stat. 250
- 1973-09-26: Rehabilitation Act, Pub.L. 93-112, 87 Stat. 355
- 1973-10-01: Domestic Volunteer Services Act of 1973 (VISTA), Pub.L. 93-113, 87 Stat. 394
- 1973-11-03: Amtrak Improvement Act, Pub.L. 93-146, 87 Stat. 548
- 1973-11-07: War Powers Resolution, Pub.L. 93-148, 87 Stat. 555
- 1973-12-28: Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, Pub.L. 93-203
- 1973-12-28: Endangered Species Act, Pub.L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884
- 1973-12-29: Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, Pub.L. 93-222
- 1974-03-07: Water Resources Development Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-251, 88 Stat. 34
- 1974-05-22: Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-288, 88 Stat. 143
- 1974-05-31: Research on Aging Act, Pub.L. 93-296, 88 Stat. 184
- 1974-07-12: Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297
- 1974-07-25: Legal Services Corporation Act, Pub.L. 93-355, 88 Stat. 378
- 1974-08-21: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Pub.L. 93-380, title V, §513, 88 Stat. 571
- 1974-09-02: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Pub.L. 93-406, 88 Stat. 829
- 1974-09-07: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-415, 88 Stat. 1109
- 1974-11-26: National Mass Transportation Assistance Act, Pub.L. 93-503, 88 Stat. 1565
- 1974-12-03: Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act, Pub.L. 93-508, 88 Stat. 1578
- 1974-12-16: Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub.L. 93-523, 88 Stat. 1660
- 1974-12-31: Privacy Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-579, 88 Stat. 1896
- 1975-01-02: An Act to Establish Rules of Evidence for Certain Courts and Proceedings, Pub.L. 93-595, 88 Stat. 1926
- 1975-01-03: Trade Act of 1974, Pub.L. 93-618, 88 Stat. 1978
- 1975-01-03: Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Pub.L. 93-633, title I, 88 Stat. 2156
- 1975-01-04: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, Pub.L. 93-641, 88 Stat. 2225
Party summary
Senate
Membership changed with eight resignations.
| Affiliation | Total | Notes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent Democratic | Republican | Conservative | Vacant | ||||
| Members (shading indicates
majority caucus) |
Begin (1973-01-03) | 56 | 1 | 42 | 1 | 100 | 0 | |
| 1974-01-03 | 41 | 99 | 1 | William B. Saxbe (R) resigned | ||||
| 1974-01-04 | 57 | 100 | 0 | Howard Metzenbaum (D) took Saxbe's seat | ||||
| 1974-12-17 | 56 | 99 | 1 | Alan Bible (D) resigned | ||||
| 1974-12-18 | 42 | 100 | 0 | Paul Laxalt (R) took Bible's seat | ||||
| 1974-12-20 | 41 | 99 | 1 | Wallace F. Bennett (R) resigned | ||||
| 1974-12-21 | 42 | 100 | 0 | Jake Garn (R) took Bennett's seat | ||||
| 1974-12-23 | 55 | 99 | 1 | Howard Metzenbaum (D) resigned | ||||
| 1974-12-24 | 56 | 100 | 0 | John Glenn (D) took Metzenbaum's seat | ||||
| 1974-12-27 | 41 | 99 | 1 | Marlow Cook (R) resigned | ||||
| 1974-12-28 | 57 | 100 | 0 | Wendell H. Ford (D) took Cook's seat | ||||
| 1974-12-31 | 56 | 40 | 98 | 2 | Norris Cotton (R), Edward J. Gurney (R), and J. William Fulbright (D) resigned; Louis C. Wyman (R) took Cotton's seat | |||
| 1975-01-01 | 57 | 99 | 1 | Richard Stone (D) took Gurney's seat | ||||
| Latest voting share | 58.6% | 40.4% | 1.0% | |||||
| Notes | Caucused with the Democrats | |||||||
House of Representatives
| Affiliation | Total | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Republican | Vacant | ||||
| Members (shading indicates
majority caucus) |
Begin (1973-01-03) | 240 | 192 | 432 | 3 | Nick Begich (D), Hale Boggs (D), and George W. Collins (D) died before the Congress began. Joe Moakley was elected as an Independent Democrat but changed to Democratic before the Congress began. |
| March 6, 1973 | 193 | 433 | 2 | Don Young (R) took Begich's seat. | ||
| March 20, 1973 | 241 | 434 | 1 | Lindy Boggs (D) took Hale Boggs's seat. | ||
| May 24, 1973 | 192 | 433 | 2 | William Mills (R) died. | ||
| June 5, 1973 | 242 | 434 | 1 | Cardiss Collins (D) took George Collins's seat. | ||
| August 21, 1973 | 193 | 435 | 0 | Robert Bauman (R) took Mills's seat. | ||
| October 28, 1973 | 192 | 434 | 1 | John Saylor (R) died. | ||
| December 6, 1973 | 191 | 433 | 2 | Gerald Ford (R) resigned. | ||
| January 1, 1974 | 190 | 432 | 3 | Charles Teague (R) died. | ||
| January 3, 1974 | 189 | 431 | 4 | William Keating (R) resigned. | ||
| January 31, 1974 | 188 | 430 | 5 | James Harvey (R) resigned. | ||
| 1974-02-05 | 243 | 431 | 4 | John Murtha (D) took Saylor's seat. | ||
| February 18, 1974 | 244 | 432 | 3 | Richard VanderVeen (D) took Ford's seat. | ||
| March 5, 1974 | 245 | 433 | 2 | William Mailliard (R) resigned, Robert Lagomarsino (R) took Teague's seat, and Tom Luken (D) took Keating's seat. | ||
| 1974-04-23 | 246 | 434 | 1 | Bob Traxler (D) took Harvey's seat. | ||
| 1974-06-04 | 247 | 435 | 0 | John Burton (D) took Mailliard's seat. | ||
| December 31, 1974 | 245 | 187 | 432 | 3 | William Minshall (R), Edith S. Green (D), and Frank M. Clark (D) resigned. | |
| Latest voting share | 56.7% | 43.3% | ||||
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Spiro Agnew (R), until October 10, 1973
- Gerald Ford (R), December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
- Nelson Rockefeller (R), December 19, 1974 – End
- President pro tempore: James Eastland (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Carl Albert (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Gerald Ford, until December 6, 1973
- Minority Whip: Leslie Arends
- Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1976; Class 2 means their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1978; and Class 3 means their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1974.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
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Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
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House of Representatives
| Section contents: Alabama — Alaska — Arizona —Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia — Wisconsin — Wyoming — Non-voting members |
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
Changes in membership
Senate
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio | William B. Saxbe (R) | Resigned 1974-01-03 to become Attorney General | Howard Metzenbaum (D) | Appointed 1974-01-04 |
| Nevada | Alan Bible (D) | Resigned 1974-12-17 | Paul Laxalt (R) | Appointed 1974-12-18, having already been elected to the seat |
| Utah | Wallace F. Bennett (R) | Resigned 1974-12-20 | Jake Garn (R) | Appointed 1974-12-21, having already been elected to the seat |
| Ohio | Howard Metzenbaum (D) | Resigned 1974-12-23 | John Glenn (D) | Appointed 1974-12-24, having already been elected to the seat |
| Kentucky | Marlow Cook (R) | Resigned 1974-12-27, to give successor preferential seniority | Wendell H. Ford (D) | Appointed 1974-12-28, having already been elected to the seat |
| New Hampshire | Norris Cotton (R) | Resigned 1974-12-31 | Louis C. Wyman (R) | Appointed 1974-12-31, having already been elected to the seat |
| Florida | Edward J. Gurney (R) | Resigned 1974-12-31, in an influence peddling scandal | Richard Stone (D) | Appointed 1975-01-01, having already been elected to the seat |
| Arkansas | J. William Fulbright (D) | Resigned 1974-12-31 | Vacant until next Congress | |
House of Representatives
There were three deaths, seven resignations, and three vacancies before this Congress began.
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska At-large | None | Nick Begich (D) and Hale Boggs (D) were lost in a plane crash on October 16, 1972, re-elected posthumously, and were declared dead before the new Congress convened. | Don Young (R) | March 6, 1973 |
| Louisiana 2nd | Lindy Boggs (D) | March 20, 1973 | ||
| Illinois 7th | George W. Collins (D), died December 8, 1972, before the Congress began | Cardiss Collins (D) | June 5, 1973 | |
| Maryland 1st | William Mills (R) | Committed suicide May 24, 1973 | Robert Bauman (R) | August 21, 1973 |
| Pennsylvania 12th | John Saylor (R) | Died October 28, 1973 | John Murtha (D) | February 5, 1974 |
| Michigan 5th | Gerald Ford (R) | Resigned December 6, 1973 to become Vice President | Richard VanderVeen (D) | February 18, 1974 |
| California 13th | Charles Teague (R) | Died January 1, 1974 | Robert Lagomarsino (R) | 1974-03-05 |
| Ohio 1st | William Keating (R) | Resigned January 3, 1974 | Tom Luken (D) | March 5, 1974 |
| Michigan 8th | James Harvey (R) | Resigned January 31, 1974 | Bob Traxler (D) | 1974-04-23 |
| California 6th | William Mailliard (R) | Resigned March 5, 1974 | John Burton (D) | 1974-06-04 |
| Kentucky 1st | Frank Stubblefield (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Massachusetts 3rd | Harold Donohue (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New Hampshire 1st | Louis C. Wyman (R) | Resigned December 31, 1974 after being appointed to the US Senate | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New Jersey 7th | William B. Widnall (R) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New York 14th | John J. Rooney (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New York 15th | Hugh L. Carey (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New York 29th | Carleton J. King (R) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New York 37th | Thaddeus J. Dulski (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Ohio 23rd | William Minshall (R) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Oregon 3 | Edith S. Green (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Pennsylvania 25th | Frank M. Clark (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| South Carolina 3rd | W.J. Bryan Dorn (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| South Carolina 5th | Thomas S. Gettys (D) | Resigned December 31, 1974 | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Virginia 10th | Joel Broyhill (R) | Resigned December 31, 1974 after being defeated for re-election | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
Senate
- Secretary: Francis R. Valeo
- Sergeant at Arms: William H. Wannall
- Chaplain: Edward L.R. Elson (Presbyterian)
- Democratic Party Secretary: J. Stanley Kimmitt
- Republican Party Secretary: J. Mark Trice
- William Hildenbrand
House of Representatives
- Clerk: W. Pat Jennings of Virginia
- Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth R. Harding of Virginia
- Doorkeeper: William M. Miller of Mississippi, resigned December 31, 1974
- James T. Molloy of New York, interim
- Postmaster: H. H. Morris of Kentucky: Robert V. Rota of Pennsylvania
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler, retired June 27, 1974
- William Holmes Brown, appointed June 27, 1974
- Chaplain: Edward G. Latch Methodist
See also
Elections
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1972
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1974
- United States Senate elections, 1972
- United States Senate elections, 1974
References
- ^ a b Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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