An argumentum is a formal term for an argument.

An argumentum ad verecundiam is an argument from authority, or an appeal to authority.

An argumentum ad passiones is an appeal or argument intended to convince the listeners by agitating the emotions.

An argumentum ad populum is a fallacious argument which concludes that a proposition is true because many people believe it.

An argumentum ad Lazarum is an appeal to poverty - a logical fallacy that a conclusion is correct because the speaker is poor.