1872 when the formalisation of the game occured

According to Pugh and Hickson they are:

- Specialisation

- Standardisation

- Formalisation

- Centralisation

- Configuration

No one as the games at that time did not have rugby as a sport. The first formalisation of rugby did not occur until 1870 and first played as an Olympic event in 1888

The game traveled from England (and the UK) from 1840 onward to places like France, Germany and then down to the Southern Humphrey countries. Then in the 1860s the formalisation of the Rugby Football Union commenced.

Commercial pressures of advertisers.-

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Many sports represent the countries where they are enjoyed. Rugby has since its formalisation and acceptance that its not just for the well off (as seen in and around 1850) but represents people at all levels. The games history is one of armature sportsmanship, a hard game played by those who worked in heavy industries and agriculture as well as the blue collar environments. It is a game where players played for the honour of the game and representing their village, town and country and even not at the highest level many are still unpaid when they play as the game certainly does not have the money invested that soccer has world wide. The game remains open to all. These aspects are representitive of New Zealand and of course many other counties who up hold its values