Basically the frame are sent from the sender side by assigning a frame id,which could be a number.During the transmission of frames across the link the frames can be transmitted out of order w.r.t the frame id assigned to each of the frame.

The frames need to be in order to maintain integrity.

Even though the frames are sent in order,during the transmission the frames may experience delay or routing or any other event which can shuffle the order.

Thus frame sorting is done at the receiver side at the buffer at the DATA Link layer

before sending it to the higher layers.

The sorting can be done in many sorting techniques like bubble sort,merge sort etc.

Simple framesort code in C#include

#include

struct frame

{

char preamble[5];

char dest[48];

char src[48];

int length;

char data[256];

char crc[32];

int seqno;

};

struct frame f[50];

struct frame temp;

int number;

int i,j;

char inputstring[500];

int datasize=5;

void displayinformation()

{

int k=0;

for(k=0;k<=number;k++)

printf("%s",f[k].data);

printf("\n\n");

}

void read()

{

int i=0,j=0,k=0;

char dest[50],src[50];

printf("\nEnter src address : ");

gets(src);

printf("\nEnter dest address : ");

gets(dest);

printf("\nEnter the information : ");

gets(inputstring);

int inputlength=strlen(inputstring);

i=0;

j=0;

f[i].seqno=0;

strcpy(f[i].src,src);

strcpy(f[i].dest,dest);

while(k<=inputlength)

{

f[i].data[j]=inputstring[k++];

if(++j>=datasize)

{

i++;

f[i].seqno=i;

f[i-1].length=datasize;

strcpy(f[i].src,src);

strcpy(f[i].dest,dest);

j=0;

}

f[i].length=strlen(f[i].data);

number=i+1;

if(f[i].length==0)

number--;

}

void displayframes()

{

int j;

printf("\n");

for(j=0;j

{

if(j==0)

{

printf("Seq No\t\tDest\t\t\tSrc\t\t\tData\t\tLength\n");

printf("---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

}

printf("%d\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%d\n",f[j].seqno,f[j].dest,f[j].src,f[j].data,f[j].length);

}

void shuffle()

{

int i=0,l,p;

i=number;

while(--i>=0)

{

l=rand()%number;

p=rand()%number;

temp=f[l];

f[l]=f[p];

f[p]=temp;

}

void bubblesortframes()

{

for(i=0;i

{

for(j=0;j

{

if(f[j].seqno>f[j+1].seqno)

{

temp=f[j];

f[j]=f[j+1];

f[j+1]=temp;

}

int main()

{

read();

printf("\n\nInformation at sender\n");

printf("%s",inputstring);

printf("\nFrame at sender \n");

displayframes();

shuffle();

printf("\n---\nFrame at receiver\n");

displayframes();

printf("\nInformation received at reciever\n");

displayinformation();

bubblesortframes();

printf("\n---\nFrames at receiver after sorting\n");

displayframes();

printf("\nInformation at receiver after sorting\n");

displayinformation();

return 0;

OutputEnter src address : 176.16.1.12

Enter dest address : 176.16.1.44

Enter the information : Mysore boy rocks.

Information at sender

Mysore boy rocks.

Frame at sender

Seq No Dest Src Data Length

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 Mysor 5

1 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 e boy 5

2 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 rock 5

3 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 s. 2

---

Frame at receiver

Seq No Dest Src Data Length

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 s. 2

1 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 e boy 5

0 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 Mysor 5

2 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 rock 5

Information received at reciever

s.e boyMysor rock

---

Frames at receiver after sorting

Seq No Dest Src Data Length

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 Mysor 5

1 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 e boy 5

2 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 rock 5

3 176.16.1.44 176.16.1.12 s. 2

Information at receiver after sorting

Mysore boy rocks.

Frame Sorting Technique used in buffer.

#include

struct frame{

int num;

char str[20];

};

struct frame arr[10];

int n;

void sort() /*Bubble sort */

{

int i,j;

struct frame temp;

for(i=0;i

for(j=0;j

if(arr[j].num>arr[j+1].num)

{ temp=arr[j];

arr[j]=arr[j+1];

arr[j+1]=temp;

}

int main()

{

int i;

system("clear");

printf("Enter the number of frames\n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter the frame sequence number and frame contents\n");

for(i=0;i

scanf("%d%s",&arr[i].num,&arr[i].str);

sort();

printf("The frame in sequences\n");

for(i=0;i

printf("%d\t%s\n",arr[i].num,arr[i].str);

}

Mr. Gauro

Nepal Engineering and Technical Science Academy

Birendranagar, Surkhet

Nepal

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