Emulators are a software emulating another computer. For
example, an NES emulator is a software that is ran on a desktop PC
to look like the NES (Nintendo Entertainment System), whereas you
can play NES titles (Cartridges emulated as ROMs) using your
keyboard or a controller for the NES controller.
However, emulators are not just for other computers.
Technically, an emulator is a piece of software that allows foreign
(different language or setup) hardware or software to interact with
the current system. The NES example is a good one. An example with
software is like installing windows software on linux. It cannot be
done due to language conflicts. An emulator solves this
problem.