Obesity is a term used to describe body weight that is much greater than what is healthy. If you are obese, you also have a much higher amount of body fat than is healthy or desirable.
Adults with a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) between 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 are considered overweight.
Adults with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 are considered obese.
Anyone who is more than 100 pounds overweight or who has a BMI greater than or equal to 40 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese.
Alternative NamesMorbid obesity; Fat - obese
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsTaking in more calories than you burn leads to being overweight and, eventually, obesity. The body stores unused calories as fat. Obesity can be the result of:
An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) may lead to 5 - 10 pounds of weight gain. Some antidepressants and antipsychotic medicines may also contribute to weight gain and obesity. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight.
People who are at higher risk for obesity include:
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history, eating habits, and exercise routine.
Skin fold measurements may be taken to check your body fat percentage.
Blood tests may be done to look for thyroid or endocrine problems, which could lead to weight gain.
TreatmentRegular exercise and a healthy diet are crucial when it comes to controlling your weight. Although there are many programs advertised to help you lose weight, the only method proven safe over the long-term is to burn more calories than you consume.
Exercising and eating right must become as much a part of your routine as bathing and brushing your teeth. Unless you are convinced of the benefits, you will not succeed.
DIET
Most people can lose weight by eating a healthier diet and exercising more. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. Sticking to a weight reduction program is not easy. You will need a lot of support from family and friends.
When dieting, your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them a part of your everyday routine. Learn to read the nutrition labels and ingredients of all the foods you eat.
Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about healthy food choices, portion sizes, and new ways to prepare food.
Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well.
See also: Sweeteners
Other changes can have an impact on your weight loss success:
EXERCISE
To lose weight, you must burn more calories than you eat. Exercise is a key way to do this. Walking a mile a day for 30 days will help you burn off 1 pound of fat, as long as you don't eat more than usual.
If you have not been active, start slowly and build up over weeks or even months. Walking can be a good exercise to start with. Talk to your health care provider before starting.
Every week, increase the amount of time you spend doing the activity. Do it more often or add a second activity. You can increase the speed or difficulty of the activity (for example, by going up hills).
All adults should get 2 1/2 hours of aerobic exercise each week. Spread the exercise out over the week. Exercise for at least 10 minutes at a time.
Find ways to increase your activity level very day.
In addition to burning off extra calories, exercise will also:
MEDICATIONS AND HERBAL REMEDIES
There are many over-the-counter diet products. These include herbal remedies. Most of these products do not work and some can be dangerous. Before using an over-the-counter or herbal diet remedy, talk to your health care provider.
Several prescription weight loss drugs are available, including sibutramine (Meridia) and orlistat (Xenical). Ask your health care provider if these are right for you.
Usually, you can lose between 5 and 10 pounds by taking these drugs. People usually regain the weight when they stop taking the medication, unless they have made lasting lifestyle changes.
SURGERY
Weight-loss surgery may be done to help you lose weight if you are very obese and have not been able to lose weight with diet and exercise.
Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after the surgery.Talk to your doctor to learn if this is a good option for you.
The two most common weight-loss surgeries are:
You may have complications from these surgeries. One problem some people have is throwing up if they eat more than their new small stomach can hold.
Support GroupsMany people find it easier to follow a diet and exercise program if they join a group of people with similar problems.
See: Eating disorders - support group
ComplicationsObesity is a significant health threat. The extra weight puts added stress on all parts of your body.
Medical problems commonly resulting from untreated obesity and morbid obesity include:
Extreme obesity can lead to a gradual decrease in the level of oxygen in your blood, a condition called hypoxemia. Decreased blood oxygen levels and sleep apnea may cause a person to feel sleepy during the day. These conditions may also lead to high blood pressure and pulmonary hypertension. In extreme cases, especially when left untreated, this can lead to right-sided heart failure and ultimately death.
Calling your health care providerSchedule an appointment with your health care provider if you or your child is obese or gaining weight at an extremely rapid rate. Remember that catching the problem early is much simpler than trying to fix it after the person has gained an excessive amount of weight.
ReferencesLeslie D, Kellogg TA, Ikramuddin S. Bariatric surgery primer for the internist: keys to the surgical consultation. Med Clin North Am. 2007;91:353-381.
Richards WO, Schirmer BD. Morbid Obesity. In: Townsend CM Jr., Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 17.
Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, et al. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007;297(9):969-977.
Position of the American Dietetic Association: Weight Management. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:330-346.
Thompson WG, Cook DA, Clark MM, et al. Treatment of obesity. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(1):93-101
Svetke, LP, Stevens VJ, Brantley PJ, et al. Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the weight loss maintenance randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(10):1139-48.
Kaplan LM, Klein S, Boden G, Brenner DA, Gostout CJ, Lavine JE, Popkin BM, Schirmer BD, Seeley RJ, Yanovski SZ, Cominelli F. Report of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Obesity Task Force. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(6):2272-5.
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Hyperplastic obesity.
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hypertrophic obesity
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Are obesity and stress are corfirmed risk factors of CHD
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Obesity poses many risks including increased chance of heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
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Obesity doesn't happen overnight and correcting it won't happen in a day. However, if you fight obesity step by step, you have a good chance of bringing your weight under control. Get a pedometer and let it count your normal walking several days in a row. Then literally start stepping up the numbers. Make a game out of doing better every day and soon you'll walk yourself away from obesity and into better health.
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Obesity and diabetes are often linked. Getting to and maintaining a healthy weight are important for preventing or managing diabetes. This can be done by making healthy lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise.
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Obesity can cause certain diseases. Some of these diseases are:
1. Diabetes.
2. Cancer.
3. Heart Disease.
4. Liver Disease.
5. Sleep Apnea.
6. Osteoarthritis.
People with Obesity also have a higher risk of death along with these diseases. Obesity also can increase emotional and physical problems. People can tease the obese making them feel unwanted and emotionaly upset. They also can be different in physical ways. It is more difficult for them in sports and other daily physical activitys. This is what obesity causes.
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Obesity and stress are confirmed modifiable risk factors of Ischemic heart disease. Obesity causes increase in fat in the body resulting in damage to the arteries of the heart and formation of a clot in them. Stress results in the release of hormones which triggers the clot formation.
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Since the individuals choices directly relate to the problem, insurance companies view this as a choice, not an epidemic. Smart eating decisions and self control can prevent obesity in many cases. In others, the obese patient must pay out of pocket for the surgery, after exhausting all forms of diet.
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When it comes to losing weight with weight loss surgery, obesity surgeons are supposed to schedule mental health check-ups for every patient that may have a previous issue with anorexia, bulimia or other mental health problem. Mental issues can affect how weight loss patients react to surgery and recovery. Obesity surgeons are not trained to diagnose mental health, so how can family members ensure it is safe for the surgery to be performed?
Why is Mental Health a Problem With Obesity Surgery?
Obesity is thought to be linked to addiction. Addiction to food can lead to extreme weight gain, which is why obesity surgeons are sought in the first place. Addiction, however, is not cured by weight loss. Patients who are addicted to food may become addicted to weight loss leading to severe complications and possible death.
After gastric bypass, one type of weight loss surgery, part of the bowel is removed and a stomach pouch about the size of an egg is left. Patients must eat six to eight times a day, take shots for vitamin deficiency as needed and take vitamins and supplements throughout the day. Dedication to weight loss in a healthy manner is essential to successful weight loss.
Mental health issues can also affect rebound weight gain. There are many cases when obesity surgeons have performed a second of third weight loss surgery on a patient who regained weight after surgery. In many of these cases, mental health consultations, treatment and therapy may have helped to prevent weight regain through mental support.
Signs of Previous Eating Disorder
One of the most common reasons for mental intervention by obesity surgeons is a history of eating disorder. Patients who want to lose weight may not admit to this history to obesity surgeons, but mental health care providers may have more luck getting to the truth of the matter. If eating disorders were suffered in the past, patients seeking obesity surgery may not be approved due to the risk of the eating disorder returning.
More and more obesity surgeons are hiring on staff mental health experts to diagnose and treat potential mental issues before surgery or issues after surgery. If a mental health expert is not part of the physician team, weight loss patients may want to take time to see a professional before surgery to talk about previous mental issues include depression, anxiety and addictive behaviors.
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Obesity contributes to an increased risk of serious conditions such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and certain types of cancer. It can also lead to decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs.
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it affects you emotionally and it affects your whole body mostly your heart so it can increase your chances of a heart attack at an earlier age
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There are risks for obesity and weight loss surgery. A patient must weigh the risk of being 80-100 pounds overweight with the possible complications of this surgery with a bariatric surgeon to determine if the patient is a viable candidate for surgery. The risk factors of obesity include joint problems leading to joint replacement surgery. A physician may consider a diabetic patient or someone with heart disease a candidate at a lower weight range than someone without these medical conditions. Complications from weight loss surgery may include a high risk for cirrhosis, vomiting, abdominal pain, hernia and possibly inflammatory hepatitis.
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Child Obesity in the Classroom
One in three children are now obese. The epidemic affects every aspect of a child's life, and it is no different in school. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for decades and accommodations must be made for these children which can be seen in subtle and not-so-subtle ways.
Some schools are having to ditch the standard-sized school desk previous generations have grown up with for larger ones. Some are having to use chairs meant for older high school students in grade school classrooms so obese children can be more comfortable.
Furniture companies have seen an increase in sales of the larger student desks in the past five years. Sales have actually surpassed those of the standard desk of years past. For the casual observer, these desks may not look very different in size. However, there is as much as seven inches more room between the student and the desk while seated and an additional six inches of room for the student's legs.
Unfortunately, many obese students are unable to fit into the bigger desks as the chairs are attached and cannot be pushed back. To meet this challenge, many schools have gone to large desks with detached chairs so the students can adjust by moving the chair to accommodate them.
Even more disturbing is the old growth charts that track a child's development are becoming outdated due to the explosion in childhood obesity. Half of overweight kids will remain overweight throughout their development into adulthood.
One suggestion to help combat childhood obesity is to use elevated desks where students will have to stand while in the classroom. Sitting at a desk for up to seven hours a day can impact the health of all students. The human body is not equipped to deal with sitting for that long day after day.
One school on the east coast has implemented a novel way of teaching by having students walk around while learning. This has all but eliminated ADHD and obesity because students are always moving and are better focused on learning. This could be the wave of the future.
Childhood obesity affects both a child's health and ability to learn. Squeezing into small desks can be both humiliating and uncomfortable. Schools now are having to step up to help these kids with the right equipment for better comfort and more activity. It is a problem that can no longer be overlooked.
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Obesity can be generic because obesity isn't always to do with eating to much and not burning of enough calories.
A portion of obesity can be genetically mediated.
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Bariatric medicine is the study of obesity and the treatment of obesity. It often includes the treatment options, related conditions stemming from obesity, the genetics involved in obesity and the symptoms of obesity and related conditions.
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yes, it's the state of being (obese) -adjective, so obesity is a noun Yes. Obesity is a noun.
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I don't completely understand the question. If you are referring to an individuals case of obesity then you would word the sentence "Case of Obesity." like "John has a severe case of obesity."
If you are referring to one or more people that are obese you would phrase it. "There are many cases of obesity in Texas."
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You can find information about obesity and how to prevent or overcome it in most libraries or on the internet. There are sites that discuss the definition, treatment, and recommendations for obesity such as this one http://www.overcome-obesity-today.com/
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Denis Craddock has written:
'Obesity and its management' -- subject(s): Obesity
'How to live with obesity' -- subject(s): Obesity
'The BMA slimmer's guide'
'Slimmers' Guide'
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Bristol University - Obesity and osteoarthritis
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Obesity, in and of itself, isn't deadly. It's all the other complications that usually go along with the obesity that are the problem.
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Obesity means having too much body fat. It is not the same as overweight, which means weighing too much. A person may be overweight from extra muscle, bone, or water, as well as too much fat.
Both terms mean your weight is higher than what is thought to be healthy for your height.
This article discusses obesity in children.
Alternative NamesWeight - loss - children; Obese - children
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsWhen children eat more than they need, their bodies store the extra calories in fat cells to use for energy later. If this pattern continues over time, and their bodies do not need this stored energy, they develop more fat cells and may develop obesity.
Infants and young children are very good at listening to their bodies' signals of hunger and fullness. They will stop eating as soon as their bodies tell them they have had enough.
But sometimes a well-meaning parent tells them they have to finish everything on their plate. This forces them to ignore their fullness and eat everything that is served to them.
Some people may use food to reward good behavior or seek comfort when sad.
These learned habits lead to eating no matter if we are hungry or full. Many people have a very hard time breaking these habits.
The family, friends, schools, and community resources in a child's environment reinforce lifestyle habits regarding diet and activity. Children are surrounded by many things that make it easy to overeat and harder to be active:
Watching television, gaming, texting, and playing on the computer are activities that require very little energy. They can take up a lot of time and replace physical activity. And, when children watch television, they often crave the unhealthy high-calorie snacks they see on commercials. See: Screen time in children
The term eating disorders refers to a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image. Obesity and eating disorders often occur at the same time in teenage girls and young-adult women who may be unhappy with their body image.
Certain medical conditions, such as hormone disorders or low thyroid function, and certain medications, such as steroids or anti-seizure medications, can increase a child's appetite, which over time increases their risk for obesity.
Signs and testsThe health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your child's medical history, eating habits, and exercise routine.
Blood tests may be done to look for thyroid or endocrine problems, which could lead to weight gain.
Child health experts recommend that children be screened for obesity at age 6. Your child's body mass index (BMI) is calculated using height and weight. A health care provider can use BMI to estimate how much body fat your child has.
However, measuring body fat and diagnosing obesity in children is different than measuring these things in adults.
TreatmentSUPPORTING YOUR CHILD
The first step in helping your child get to a healthy weight is to consult with their doctor. The doctor can help to set healthy goals for weight-loss and help with monitoring and support.
Try to get the whole family to join a weight-loss plan, even if weight loss is not the goal for everyone. Weight-loss plans for children focus on healthy lifestyle habits. A healthy lifestyle is good for everyone.
Having support from friends and family may also help your child lose weight. See: Supporting a child with weight loss
CHANGING YOUR CHILD'S LIFESTYLE
Eating a balanced diet means you child consumes the right types and amounts of foods and drinks to keep their body healthy.
Choosing healthy snacks and drinks for your children is important, but can be a challenge. See: Snacks and sweetened drinks-children
Children should not watch more than 2 hours of TV a day. This can be difficult because watching TV is part of their daily routine. See: Screen time and children
Children should have many chances to play, run, bike, and play sports during the day. Experts recommend they get 60 minutes of moderate activity every day. Moderate activity means you breathe and your heart beats faster than normal. If your child is not athletic, find ways to motivate your child to be more active. See: Exercise and activity-children
WHAT ELSE TO THINK ABOUT
You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help with weight loss. But many of these claims are not true, and some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your health care provider before giving them to your child.
Weight loss drugs are not recommended for children
Bariatric surgery is currently being performed for some children, but only after they've stopped growing. See: Weight loss surgery in children
ComplicationsA child who is overweight or obese is more likely to be overweight or obese as an adult. Obese children are now developing health problems that used to be seen only in adults. When these problems begin in childhood, they often become more severe when the child becomes an adult.
Children with obesity are at risk for developing these health problems:
Obese girls are more likely to not have regular menstrual periods.
Obese children often have low self-esteem. They are more likely to be teased or bullied, and they may have a hard time making friends.
ReferencesUnited States Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000.
Seagle HM, Strain GW, Makris A, Reeves RS; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: weight management. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:330-346.
Pratt JS, Lenders CM, Dionne EA, Hoppin AG, Hsu GL, Inge TH, Lawlor DF, MarinoMF, Meyers AF, Rosenblum JL, Sanchez VM. Best practice updates for pediatric/adolescent weight loss surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 May;17(5):901-10.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 09/21/2011
David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine.
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International Journal of Obesity was created in 1977.
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I have an obesity disorder and I get teased at school.
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a good hypothesis for childhood obesity
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Current research questions surrounding obesity and its impact on public health include understanding the factors contributing to obesity, developing effective prevention and intervention strategies, and examining the long-term health consequences of obesity. Researchers are also investigating the social and environmental determinants of obesity, as well as the disparities in obesity rates among different populations. Additionally, studies are exploring the economic costs of obesity and evaluating the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing obesity rates.
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somebody takes obesity as beauty or handsomeness, some takes a pleasing personality, but no body takes obesity as a curse in INDIA.
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Obesity is growing, especially in the US. I believe there are more people overweight than what their normal weight shoudl be.
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Only verbs have past present and future tenses. Obesity is not a verb it is a noun.
His obesity is becoming a problem for him - (is becoming is the verb)
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There is no argument FOR! Obesity is an illness that has grave consequences. Period.
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i need statisticss on obesity in Africa in ascending order... thank you
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