Onchocerca volvulus was created in 1982.

Onchocerca tubingensis was created in 1973.

they are funny

Insect nets to prevent transmission by biting flies.

Do you really want to go into detail.....ha ha! Black flies, Simulium damnosum and S. neavei, transmit Onchocerca Volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis in Africa. These insects lay their eggs in fast-flowing water such as streams and large rivers. S. Ochraceum, S.callidum, and S. metallicum transmit the disease in Mexico, Central and South America. These species lay their eggs in greater abundance in rapids and in areas below dams. Once the larvae hatch, the pupae stay in the aquatic habitat (Bogitsh & Cheng, 1998). Bogitsh, B. J., & Cheng, T. C. (1998). Human Parasitology. San Diego: Academic Press.